k8s-cloud-builder/k8s-ci-builder: build using go1.18.4 and go1.17.12

[cpanato]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature
/area dependency

What this PR does / why we need it:

• k8s-cloud-builder/k8s-ci-builder: build using Go 1.18.4
• k8s-cloud-builder/k8s-ci-builder: build using Go 1.17.12
• drop configs for v1.21 due to EOL

k/k prs are merged kubernetes/kubernetes#111464 / kubernetes/kubernetes#111465

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

xref #2620

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

- k8s-cloud-builder/k8s-ci-builder: build using Go 1.18.4
- k8s-cloud-builder/k8s-ci-builder: build using Go 1.17.12
- drop configs for v1.21 due to EOL

/assign @saschagrunert @xmudrii @Verolop @puerco @dims
cc @kubernetes/release-engineering

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: cpanato

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• OWNERS [cpanato]

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[Verolop]

/lgtm