Add patches fields for AKS resources

[nojnhuh]

What type of PR is this?
/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it: This implements #4304 for AzureManagedControlPlane by adding spec.asoManagedClusterPatches and for AzureManagedMachinePool by adding spec.asoManagedClustersAgentPoolPatches to allow users to specify arbitrary patches to apply to those ASO resources.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes (optional, in fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...) format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged):
Fixes #3629

Special notes for your reviewer:

• cherry-pick candidate

TODOs:

• squashed commits
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests

Release note:

EXPERIMENTAL: Added fields to AzureManagedControlPlane and AzureManagedMachinePool to supply arbitrary JSON merge patches to underlying ASO resources

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 19 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (37d5c1a) 62.44% compared to head (8ee2f85) 62.49%.
Report is 48 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
azure/services/aso/aso.go	66.66%	6 Missing and 6 partials ⚠️
azure/services/managedclusters/spec.go	28.57%	4 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
azure/services/agentpools/spec.go	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4527      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   62.44%   62.49%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         192      192              
  Lines       15379    15453      +74     
==========================================
+ Hits         9604     9657      +53     
- Misses       5115     5129      +14     
- Partials      660      667       +7     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
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[nojnhuh]

This is ready for review but we still need to wait for consensus on the proposal first.
/hold for #4304

[nojnhuh]

/retest

[willie-yao]

Looks good! Just a few minor non-blocking comments from my end.

[nojnhuh]

/hold also for squash in addition to the proposal

[nojnhuh]

/test pull-cluster-api-provider-azure-e2e-aks

[nojnhuh]

/retest

[Jont828]

Looks like all tests are green! Feel free to remove the hold whenever you're ready to merge

/lgtm
/approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: fcd3eabcccacc0f318d5c859c989d9e025351c1c

[Jont828]

Actually, please squash your commits first, LGTM otherwise.

/approve cancel

[dtzar]

Not blocking, but a nice to have would be some kind of addition in the docs of how to patch (e.g. use asoctl to export/compare). If not in this PR, then would be good to add a new docs issue accordingly.

[nojnhuh]

I'll plan to document this as part of #4568.

[nawazkh]

/lgtm++

[mboersma]

/lgtm
/approve

[mboersma]

This warning is well-worded. 👍🏻

[mboersma]

PR still needs squash.

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: mboersma

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[nojnhuh]

squashed!
/hold cancel