[release-1.28] chore: upgrade golang version

[andyzhangx]

What type of PR is this?
/kind failing-test

cherrypick of #2498

What this PR does / why we need it:
chore: upgrade golang version

azurefileplugin (gobinary)
==========================
Total: 3 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 2, HIGH: 1, CRITICAL: 0)

┌─────────┬────────────────┬──────────┬────────┬───────────────────┬────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Library │ Vulnerability  │ Severity │ Status │ Installed Version │ Fixed Version  │                            Title                            │
├─────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ stdlib  │ CVE-2024-[34](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/azurefile-csi-driver/actions/runs/10708260683/job/29848010527#step:6:35)156 │ HIGH     │ fixed  │ 1.23.0            │ 1.22.7, 1.23.1 │ encoding/gob: golang: Calling Decoder.Decode on a message   │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ which contains deeply nested structures...                  │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2024-34156                  │
│         ├────────────────┼──────────┤        │                   │                ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         │ CVE-2024-34155 │ MEDIUM   │        │                   │                │ go/parser: golang: Calling any of the Parse functions       │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ containing deeply nested literals...                        │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2024-3[41](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/azurefile-csi-driver/actions/runs/10708260683/job/29848010527#step:6:42)55                  │
│         ├────────────────┤          │        │                   │                ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│         │ CVE-2024-34158 │          │        │                   │                │ go/build/constraint: golang: Calling Parse on a "// +build" │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ build tag line with...                                      │
│         │                │          │        │                   │                │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2024-34158                  │
└─────────┴────────────────┴──────────┴────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Requirements:

• uses conventional commit messages
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests
• tested upgrade from previous version

Special notes for your reviewer:

Release note:

none

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: andyzhangx

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [andyzhangx]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment

[andyzhangx]

/retest

[andyzhangx]

/retest

[andyzhangx]

/retest

[andyzhangx]

/retest

[andyzhangx]

/retest