The loosely specified diff file format is widely used for transmitting
differences of line-based information. The motivating example is
opam, which is able to validate updates being
cryptographically signed (e.g. conex) by
providing a unified diff.
The test-based infered specification implemented in this library is the following grammar.
decimal := [0-9]+
any := any character except newline
filename := "/dev/null" | any except tab character
file := filename "\t" any "\n"
mine := "--- " file
theirs := "+++ " file
no_newline = "\ No newline at end of file"
hunk_line_prefix := " " | "-" | "+"
hunk_line := hunk_line_prefix any | no_newline
range := decimal "," decimal | decimal
hunk_hdr := "@@ -" range " + " range " @@\n"
hunk := hunk_hdr line+
diff := mine theirs hunk+
In addition, some support for the git diff format is available, which contains
diff --git a/nn b/nn as separator, prefixes filenames with a/ and b/, and
may contain extra headers, especially for pure renaming: rename from <path>
followed by rename to <path>. The git diff documentation also mentions that a
diff file itself should be an atomic operation, thus all - files corrspond to
the files before applying the diff (since patch only does single diff
operations, and requires the old content as input). You have to ensure to
provide the correct data yourself.
A diff consists of a two-line header containing the filenames (or "/dev/null"
for creation and deletion) followed by the actual changes in hunks. A complete
diff file is represented by a list of diff elements. The OCaml types below,
provided by this library, represent mine and theirs as operation (edit, rename,
delete, create). Since a diff is line-based, if the file does not end with a
newline character, the line in the diff always contains a newline, but the
special marker no_newline is added to the diff. The range information
carries start line and chunk size in the respective file, with two side
conditions: if the chunk size is 0, the start line refers to after which the
chunk should be added or deleted, and if the chunk size is omitted (including
the comma), it is set to 1. NB from practical experiments, only "+1" and "-1"
are supported.
type operation =
| Edit of string
| Rename of string * string
| Delete of string
| Create of string
| Rename_only of string * string
type hunk (* positions and contents *)
type t = {
operation : operation ;
hunks : hunk list ;
mine_no_nl : bool ;
their_no_nl : bool ;
}The function patch assumes that the patch applies cleanly, and does not
check this assumption. Exceptions may be raised if this assumption is violated.
The git diff format allows further features, such as file permissions, and also
a "copy from / to" header, which I was unable to spot in the wild.
opam install patch
The API documentation can be browsed online.