For a cheat-sheet of design patterns implemented in Swift check out Design Patterns implemented in Swift: A cheat-sheet
Assume we track the location of all our mobile mechanics. We have noticed that there are times when a mobile mechanic might need assistance from another mechanic or a last minute need for a part that someone else might carry. We want to build a system where mechanics can send requests with the option of defining specific parts needed to all mechanics that are close to their location. We will define a mediator and have have every mechanics register with it. When a mechanic sends a request, the mediator will detect all close by mechanics and forwards the request to them.Link to the repo for the completed project: Swift - Mediator
Let's Begin
Lets start by defining our parts object:
import Foundation
class Part{
var name: String
var price: Double
init (name: String, price: Double){
self.name = name
self.price = price
}
}A part will have a name and a price. The class itself has two properties that take care of the two values and an initializer that sets them up when a part is created.
Next we'll define our Request object. This will be the communicating object used by our mechanics and mediator:
class Request {
var message: String
var parts: [Part]?
var mechanic: Mechanic
init(message: String, mechanic: Mechanic, parts: [Part]?)
{
self.message = message
self.parts = parts
self.mechanic = mechanic
}
convenience init(message: String, mechanic: Mechanic){
self.init(message: message, mechanic: mechanic, parts: nil)
}
}A request will have a message, along with an array of parts that could be empty and a mechanic which is the owner of the request.
Here we use the convenience init to have two separate init for cases with empty parts. We can easily just use the first one and pass in nil for parts but I personally like having the class provide its own init for those cases (and it's good practice). For more info on convenience init click here
Our Mechanic class will be defined as followed
class Mechanic{
let mediator: Mediator
var location: (Int, Int)
var name: String
init (mediator: Mediator, name: String, location: (Int, Int)){
self.mediator = mediator
self.name = name
self.location = location
}
func send(request: Request){
mediator.send(request)
}
func receive(request: Request){
print("\(name) received request from \(request.mechanic.name): \(request.message)")
if let parts = request.parts{
print("request is for parts:")
for part in parts{
print(part.name)
}
}
print("******************")
}
func isCloseTo(mechanic: Mechanic, within distance: Float) -> Bool
{
return hypotf(Float(mechanic.location.0 - location.0), Float(mechanic.location.1 - location.1)) <= distance
}
}A mechanic has a mediator which it uses for sending requests and a location which is defined as a tuple of Int. This is the mechanic's hypothetical location on some X, Y coordinate. We set up these properties in the init function.
Next we define our send and receive functions for our mechanic. The send function will simply delegate the task to the mediator. The receive function is where the mechanic deals with the request. For this example the mechanic will simply print out the request it has received.
If we had more actors (customers, customer service, managers, parts team, etc) that we wanted to mediate then it would be best to factor out the mediator property and the send function into a colleague superclass. This will be common among all of them so we wouldn't have to re-implement them for each subsequent actor. But for the sake of brevity and simplicity we will define them all in Mechanic and assume that this will be the only actor within our system that we need to mediate.
Finally we define isCloseTo which takes a mechanic and a float and decides if the distance between the mechanics is less than the float passed.
next we define a protocol for our Mediator.
import Foundation
protocol Mediator{
func send(request: Request)
}The Mediator protocol is fairly simple. It requires a send function that takes a request as its parameter.
Finally we define our RequestMediator which implements our Mediator protocol:
class RequestMediator: Mediator{
private let closeDistance: Float = 50.0
private var mechanics: [Mechanic] = []
func addMechanic(mechanic: Mechanic){
mechanics.append(mechanic)
}
func send(request: Request) {
for oneOfTheMechanics in mechanics{
if oneOfTheMechanics !== request.mechanic && request.mechanic.isCloseTo(oneOfTheMechanics, within: closeDistance){
oneOfTheMechanics.receive(request)
}
}
}
}We first set up the distance which we believe is considered the boundary of being close to another mechanic. Next we define an array of Mechanics that have subscribed to our mediator.
We define a simple addMechanic function which will be used to add mechanics to our collection of mediated mechanics.
Finally we implement the send function. Our mediator iterates through each mechanic in its list of mechanics, if the mechanic is not the same mechanic making the request and is close to the requesting mechanic it will receive the request.
This is it. Notice that our mechanics, although capable of communicating with each other are not aware of each other. There is no reference to another mechanic in our mechanics class. The logic to decide which mechanic gets what request is define outside of the Mechanic which makes sense because it doesn't have anything to do with the Mechanic class itself.
Lets test it out
import Foundation
var requestManager = RequestMediator()
var steve = Mechanic(mediator: requestManager, name: "Steve Akio", location: (23,12))
var joe = Mechanic(mediator: requestManager, name: "Joe Bob", location: (13,12))
var dave = Mechanic(mediator: requestManager, name: "Dave Far", location: (823,632))
var mike = Mechanic(mediator: requestManager, name: "Mike Nearfar", location: (800,604))
requestManager.addMechanic(steve)
requestManager.addMechanic(joe)
requestManager.addMechanic(dave)
requestManager.addMechanic(mike)
steve.send(Request(message: "I can't find this address anyone close by knows where Rengstorff Ave is?", mechanic: steve))
joe.send(Request(message: "I need some brake pads anyone close by has some?", mechanic: joe, parts: [Part(name: "StopIt Brake Pads", price: 35.25)]))
dave.send(Request(message: "Dang it I spilled all my oil, anyone around here got a spare 5 Quart Jug.. and some filters too", mechanic: dave, parts:[Part(name: "Engine Oil SuperPlus", price: 23.33), Part(name: "Filters", price: 4.99)]))First off we create a RequestMediator. Next we define our mechanics, setting their mediator and location.
Next we add all the mechanics to the mediator.
Now we have our mechanics sending request, lets see how mechanics respond to these request:
Joe Bob received request from Steve Akio: I can't find this address anyone close by knows where Rengstorff Ave is?
******************
Steve Akio received request from Joe Bob: I need some brake pads anyone close by has some?
request is for parts:
StopIt Brake Pads
******************
Mike Nearfar received request from Dave Far: Dang it I spilled all my oil, anyone around here got a spare 5 Quart Jug.. and some filters too
request is for parts:
Engine Oil SuperPlus
Filters
******************
Program ended with exit code: 0We can see that Steve Akio and Joe Bob are close so a request by Steve is received by Joe but not by Dave or Mike who are further than 50 units away. Conversely a message sent by Mike is received by Dave and not Steve or Joe.
Congratulations you have just implemented the Mediator Design Pattern to sovle a nontrivial problem
The repo for the complete project can be found here: Swift - Mediator Download a copy of it and play around with it. See if you can find ways to improve it. Here are some ideas to consider:
- How can we factor out the necessary part from the Mechanic class so we can extend the mediator for other possible actors that wish to be part of the communications.
- What can go wrong when two objects strongly reference each other and what can we do prevent it.
- To keep the traffic of request low, have mechanics keep an inventory of spare parts and send the request to the mechanic if and only if they have the spare parts.