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joone committed Mar 26, 2024
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5 changes: 2 additions & 3 deletions content/posts/3. The Era of Commercial Computers/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ description: The computer was developed in earnest during World War II and was m
tags: EDVAC, Presper Eckert, John Mauchly, IBM, Donald Knuth, IBM 650, Fortran, John Backus, IBM 701, IBM 704, The Art of Computer Programming
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![](images/image3.png)
J. Presper Eckert & John Mauchly
![Figures of J. Presper Eckert & John Mauchly](images/image3.png "J. Presper Eckert & John Mauchly")

The computer was developed in earnest during World War II and was mainly used for military purposes: breaking German ciphers and calculating the ballistic range of missiles.

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Mauchly was also suspected and forced to leave the company, and it took him two years to get back to work. In the meantime, the company was in financial difficulty and it was eventually sold to [Remington Rand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remington_Rand) in early 1950.

![](images/image4.png) \
![](images/image4.png)
> “Get Bolsheviks out!”
In fact, the idea for the von Neumann architecture was initiated by Mockley and Eckert, but their credits were removed from von Neumann's paper, [First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC), dated June 30, 1945. Their business was not successful, also due to political reasons.
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Expand Up @@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ In the early days, assembling was done by hand, so the term, hand assembling, wa

“I’m writing code”

However, keyboards and monitors did not become commercially available until the 1960s. The first computer with a monitor and keyboard was Multics, which was jointly developed by Bell Labs and MIT in 1964 \[3], and in the 1970s, most computers had a terminal with a screen and keyboard. Then, how could programmers write code and check the results without a monitor and keyboard in the 1960s.![](images/image6.png)
However, keyboards and monitors did not become commercially available until the 1960s. The first computer with a monitor and keyboard was Multics, which was jointly developed by Bell Labs and MIT in 1964 \[3], and in the 1970s, most computers had a terminal with a screen and keyboard. Then, how could programmers write code and check the results without a monitor and keyboard in the 1960s.

![](images/image6.png)
“Finally, I got a computer with a keyboard and a monitor”

Early programmers used punched cards to write code. Punch cards were originally used for data storage from the late 19th century, and were used by the US Census Bureau for census purposes. It is easy to understand if you think of the current [OMR](https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mark_recognition\&sa=D\&source=editors\&ust=1711341049448063\&usg=AOvVaw06E8KEgdfN-gcEH_ZHA4k6) sheet to mark answers.
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions content/posts/8. UNIX and C Language/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ The groundbreaking Unix and C language, which would go on to change the world, w

              Here is MIT                                                          Meanwhile at Bell Lab.

“I feel the force somewhere…”                                          
> “I feel the force somewhere…”                                          
Coincidentally, the people who were working on [Multics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics) were also working on ITS and Unix, including [Ken Thompson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson) and [Dennis Ritchie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie) from Bell Labs.

![](images/image1.png)
"I think we need to step away from the Multics project now."\
“Yeah, the development time has become way longer than we expected."
> "I think we need to step away from the Multics project now."\
> “Yeah, the development time has become way longer than we expected."
The Multics project began in 1964, but due to the large code size and complexity, the schedule fell far behind Bell Labs' expectations.

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