Test wheel builds during PR CI on demand

Refactor the wheels-build and deployment workflow into one re-usable
"build wheels" workflow and two orchestration workflows.  The
orchestration workflows are the existing "tag push" event, which also
deploys the wheels to PyPI, and a new "PR" trigger that runs the
all-wheels build if the PR is labelled with `ci: test wheels`.

The deployment job is slightly reorganised so that all the "core"
platforms build and deploy before the less common platforms even begin
the build.  The core platforms are all tier 1 platforms, the 32-bit
platforms, and the sdist.  These core platforms were already tied
together, but the other platforms ran concurrently with them.  This
could lead to other projects' CI failing when Qiskit was part way
through a deployment.

The "other" wheels are all tied together in this PR mostly as a
convenience to avoid repetition.  They could easily be untied from each
other (as the current state does).

.github/workflows/wheels-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+name: Build release artifacts
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      default-action:
+        description: >-
+          The default action for each artifact.
+          Choose from 'build' (default) or 'skip'.
+        type: string
+        default: "build"
+        required: false
+
+      sdist:
+        description: >-
+          The action to take for the sdist.
+          Choose from 'default', 'build' or 'skip'.
+        type: string
+        default: "default"
+        required: false
+
+      wheels-tier-1:
+        description: >-
+          The action to take for Tier 1 wheels.
+          Choose from 'default', 'build' or 'skip'.
+          This builds multiple artifacts, which all match 'wheels-tier-1-*'.
+        type: string
+        default: "default"
+        required: false
+
+      wheels-32bit: 
+        description: >-
+          The action to take for Tier 1 wheels.
+          Choose from 'default', 'build' or 'skip'.
+          This builds multiple artifacts, which all match 'wheels-32bit-*'.
+        type: string
+        default: "default"
+        required: false
+
+      wheels-linux-s390x: 
+        description: >-
+          The action to take for Linux s390x wheels.
+          Choose from 'default', 'build' or 'skip'.
+        type: string
+        default: "default"
+        required: false
+
+      wheels-linux-ppc64le: 
+        description: >-
+          The action to take for Linux ppc64le wheels.
+          Choose from 'default', 'build' or 'skip'.
+        type: string
+        default: "default"
+        required: false
+
+      wheels-linux-aarch64: 
+        description: >-
+          The action to take for Linux AArch64 wheels.
+          Choose from 'default', 'build' or 'skip'.
+        type: string
+        default: "default"
+        required: false
+
+      artifact-prefix:
+        description: "A prefix to give all artifacts uploaded with 'actions/upload-artifact'."
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+        required: false
+
+      python-version:
+        description: "The Python version to use to host the build runner."
+        type: string
+        default: "3.10"
+        required: false
+
+
+jobs:
+  wheels-tier-1:
+    name: "Tier 1 wheels"
+    if: (inputs.wheels-tier-1 == 'default' && inputs.default-action || inputs.wheels-tier-1) == 'build'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          # Used for the x86_64 builds.
+          - macos-12
+          # Used for the ARM builds.
+          - macos-14
+          - windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+          architecture: ${{ matrix.os == 'macos-14' && 'arm64' || 'x64' }}
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          components: llvm-tools-preview
+      - uses: pypa/[email protected]
+        env:
+          CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: >-
+            bash ./tools/build_pgo.sh /tmp/pgo-data/merged.profdata
+          CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS: >-
+            bash ./tools/build_pgo.sh /tmp/pgo-data/merged.profdata
+            && cp /tmp/pgo-data/merged.profdata ~/.
+          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
+            RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN="stable"
+            RUSTFLAGS="
+              -Cprofile-use=/tmp/pgo-data/merged.profdata
+              -Cllvm-args=-pgo-warn-missing-function
+              "
+          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: >-
+            RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN="stable"
+            RUSTFLAGS="
+              -Cprofile-use=/tmp/pgo-data/merged.profdata
+              -Cllvm-args=-pgo-warn-missing-function
+              "
+            PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.cargo/bin"
+            CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI="true"
+          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS: >-
+            RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN="stable"
+            RUSTFLAGS="
+              -Cprofile-use=c:\\Users\\runneradmin\\merged.profdata
+              -Cllvm-args=-pgo-warn-missing-function
+              "
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+          name: wheels-tier-1-${{ matrix.os }}
+
+  wheels-32bit:
+    name: "32bit wheels"
+    if: (inputs.wheels-32bit == 'default' && inputs.default-action || inputs.wheels-32bit) == 'build'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          - windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          components: llvm-tools-preview
+      - name: Build wheels
+        uses: pypa/[email protected]
+        env:
+          CIBW_SKIP: 'pp* cp36-* cp37-* cp38-* *musllinux* *amd64 *x86_64'
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+          name: wheels-32bit-${{ matrix.os }}
+
+  wheels-linux-s390x:
+    name: "Linux s390x wheel"
+    if: (inputs.wheels-linux-s390x == 'default' && inputs.default-action || inputs.wheels-linux-s390x) == 'build'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        name: Install Python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          platforms: all
+      - uses: pypa/[email protected]
+        env:
+          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: s390x
+          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "cp*"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: wheels-linux-s390x
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+  wheels-linux-ppc64le:
+    name: "Linux pcc64le wheel"
+    if: (inputs.wheels-linux-ppc64le == 'default' && inputs.default-action || inputs.wheels-linux-ppc64le) == 'build'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        name: Install Python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          platforms: all
+      - uses: pypa/[email protected]
+        env:
+          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: ppc64le
+          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "cp*"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: wheels-linux-ppc64le
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+  wheels-linux-aarch64:
+    name: "Linux AArch64 wheel"
+    if: (inputs.wheels-linux-aarch64 == 'default' && inputs.default-action || inputs.wheels-linux-aarch64) == 'build'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          platforms: all
+      - uses: pypa/[email protected]
+        env:
+          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: aarch64
+          CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >-
+            cp -r {project}/test .
+            && QISKIT_PARALLEL=FALSE stestr --test-path test/python run --abbreviate -n test.python.compiler.test_transpiler
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: wheels-linux-aarch64
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+  sdist:
+    name: "sdist"
+    if: (inputs.sdist == 'default' && inputs.default-action || inputs.sdist) == 'build'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+      - name: Build sdist
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          python -m pip install -U build
+          python -m build --sdist .
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: sdist
+          path: ./dist/*.tar.gz

.github/workflows/wheels-pr.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Test wheel builds
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+      - reopened
+      # Above are the defaults for the PR trigger, below are our insertions.
+      # Trigger on 'labeled' so we catch the initial manual labelling event.
+      - labeled
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref }}-${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test-wheels:
+    if: ${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci: test wheels') }}
+    name: Build
+    uses: './.github/workflows/wheels-build.yml'
+    with:
+      default-action: "build"