Move build configuration to static configuration files

This removes the vast majority of the dynamic code from our `setup.py`
files, and instead uses static configuration to specify them.  As part
of this, we also use a single `VERSION.txt` as a single source of truth
for both the `qiskit-terra` main package and the `qiskit` "metapackage".
This should avoid a situation where we let the two get out of sync
during a release, which can cause us severe problems for fixing the
problem with respect to git tags.

pyproject.toml

@@ -2,9 +2,137 @@
 requires = ["setuptools", "wheel", "setuptools-rust"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
+[project]
+name = "qiskit"
+description = "An open-source SDK for working with quantum computers at the level of extended quantum circuits, operators, and primitives."
+requires-python = ">=3.8"
+license = { file = "LICENSE.txt" }
+authors = [
+    { name = "Qiskit Development Team", email = "[email protected]" },
+]
+keywords = [
+    "qiskit",
+    "quantum circuit",
+    "quantum computing",
+    "quantum programming language",
+    "quantum",
+    "sdk",
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Environment :: Console",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
+    "Operating System :: MacOS",
+    "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
+    "Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",
+]
+# These are configured in the `tool.setuptools.dynamic` table.
+dynamic = ["version", "readme", "dependencies"]
+
+# If modifying this table, be sure to sync with `requirements-optional.txt`,
+# `qiskit.utils.optionals`, and `qiskit_pkg`'s `pyproject.toml` too.
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+qasm3-import = [
+    "qiskit-qasm3-import >= 0.1.0",
+]
+visualization = [
+    "matplotlib >= 3.3",
+    "ipywidgets >= 7.3.0",
+    "pydot",
+    "Pillow >= 4.2.1",
+    "pylatexenc >= 1.4",
+    "seaborn >= 0.9.0",
+    "pygments >= 2.4",
+]
+crosstalk-pass = [
+    "z3-solver >= 4.7",
+]
+csp-layout-pass = [
+    "python-constraint >= 1.4",
+]
+# This will make the resolution work for installers from PyPI, but `pip install .[all]` will be
+# unreliable because `qiskit-terra` will resolve to the PyPI version, so local changes in the
+# optionals won't be reflected.
+all = ["qiskit[qasm3-import,visualization,crosstalk-pass,csp-layout-pass]"]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://qiskit.org"
+Documentation = "https://qiskit.org/documentation"
+"Source Code" = "https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit"
+"Bug Tracker" = "https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit/issues"
+Changelog = "https://qiskit.org/documentation/release_notes.html"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.unitary_synthesis"]
+default = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.unitary_synthesis:DefaultUnitarySynthesis"
+aqc = "qiskit.transpiler.synthesis.aqc.aqc_plugin:AQCSynthesisPlugin"
+sk = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.solovay_kitaev_synthesis:SolovayKitaevSynthesis"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.synthesis"]
+"clifford.default" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:DefaultSynthesisClifford"
+"clifford.ag" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:AGSynthesisClifford"
+"clifford.bm" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:BMSynthesisClifford"
+"clifford.greedy" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:GreedySynthesisClifford"
+"clifford.layers" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:LayerSynthesisClifford"
+"clifford.lnn" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:LayerLnnSynthesisClifford"
+"linear_function.default" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:DefaultSynthesisLinearFunction"
+"linear_function.kms" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:KMSSynthesisLinearFunction"
+"linear_function.pmh" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:PMHSynthesisLinearFunction"
+"permutation.default" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:BasicSynthesisPermutation"
+"permutation.kms" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:KMSSynthesisPermutation"
+"permutation.basic" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:BasicSynthesisPermutation"
+"permutation.acg" = "qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.high_level_synthesis:ACGSynthesisPermutation"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.init"]
+default = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:DefaultInitPassManager"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.translation"]
+synthesis = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:UnitarySynthesisPassManager"
+translator = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:BasisTranslatorPassManager"
+unroller = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:UnrollerPassManager"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.routing"]
+basic = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:BasicSwapPassManager"
+lookahead = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:LookaheadSwapPassManager"
+none = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:NoneRoutingPassManager"
+sabre = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:SabreSwapPassManager"
+stochastic = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:StochasticSwapPassManager"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.optimization"]
+default = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:OptimizationPassManager"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.layout"]
+default = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:DefaultLayoutPassManager"
+dense = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:DenseLayoutPassManager"
+noise_adaptive = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:NoiseAdaptiveLayoutPassManager"
+sabre = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:SabreLayoutPassManager"
+trivial = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:TrivialLayoutPassManager"
+
+[project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.scheduling"]
+alap = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:AlapSchedulingPassManager"
+asap = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:AsapSchedulingPassManager"
+default = "qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers.builtin_plugins:DefaultSchedulingPassManager"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+include-package-data = true
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = { file = "qiskit/VERSION.txt" }
+readme = { file = "README.md", content-type = "text/markdown" }
+dependencies = {file = "requirements.txt" }
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+include = ["qiskit", "qiskit.*"]
+
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py38', 'py39', 'py310', 'py311']
+target-version = ['py38', 'py39', 'py310', 'py311', 'py312']
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"

qiskit/transpiler/passes/synthesis/high_level_synthesis.py

@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ class HLSConfig:
         hls_config = HLSConfig(permutation=[(ACGSynthesisPermutation(), {})])
         hls_config = HLSConfig(permutation=[ACGSynthesisPermutation()])
 
-    The names of the synthesis algorithms should be declared in ``entry_points`` for
-    ``qiskit.synthesis`` in ``setup.py``, in the form
+    The names of the synthesis algorithms should be declared in ``entry-points`` table for
+    ``qiskit.synthesis`` in ``pyproject.toml``, in the form
     <higher-level-object-name>.<synthesis-method-name>.
 
     The standard higher-level-objects are recommended to have a synthesis method

qiskit/transpiler/passes/synthesis/plugin.py

@@ -130,18 +130,15 @@ def run(self, unitary, **options):
 The second step is to expose the
 :class:`~qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.plugin.UnitarySynthesisPlugin` as
 a setuptools entry point in the package metadata. This is done by simply adding
-an ``entry_points`` entry to the ``setuptools.setup`` call in the ``setup.py``
-for the plugin package with the necessary entry points under the
-``qiskit.unitary_synthesis`` namespace. For example::
-
-    entry_points = {
-        'qiskit.unitary_synthesis': [
-            'special = qiskit_plugin_pkg.module.plugin:SpecialUnitarySynthesis',
-        ]
-    },
-
-(note that the entry point ``name = path`` is a single string not a Python
-expression). There isn't a limit to the number of plugins a single package can
+an ``entry-points`` table in ``pyproject.toml`` for the plugin package with the necessary entry
+points under the ``qiskit.unitary_synthesis`` namespace. For example:
+
+.. code-block:: toml
+
+    [project.entry-points."qiskit.unitary-synthesis"]
+    "special" = "qiskit_plugin_pkg.module.plugin:SpecialUnitarySynthesis"
+
+There isn't a limit to the number of plugins a single package can
 include as long as each plugin has a unique name. So a single package can
 expose multiple plugins if necessary. The name ``default`` is used by Qiskit
 itself and can't be used in a plugin.
@@ -218,19 +215,15 @@ def run(self, high_level_object, coupling_map=None, target=None, qubits=None, **
 The second step is to expose the
 :class:`~qiskit.transpiler.passes.synthesis.plugin.HighLevelSynthesisPlugin` as
 a setuptools entry point in the package metadata. This is done by adding
-an ``entry_points`` entry to the ``setuptools.setup`` call in the ``setup.py``
-for the plugin package with the necessary entry points under the
-``qiskit.synthesis`` namespace. For example::
-
-    entry_points = {
-        'qiskit.synthesis': [
-            'clifford.special = qiskit_plugin_pkg.module.plugin:SpecialSynthesisClifford',
-        ]
-    },
-
-(note that the entry point ``name = path`` is a single string not a Python
-expression). The ``name`` consists of two parts separated by dot ".": the
-name of the
+an ``entry-points`` table in ``pyproject.toml`` for the plugin package with the necessary entry
+points under the ``qiskit.unitary_synthesis`` namespace. For example:
+
+.. code-block:: toml
+
+    [project.entry-points."qiskit.synthesis"]
+    "clifford.special" = "qiskit_plugin_pkg.module.plugin:SpecialSynthesisClifford"
+
+The ``name`` consists of two parts separated by dot ".": the name of the
 type of :class:`~qiskit.circuit.Operation` to which the synthesis plugin applies
 (``clifford``), and the name of the plugin (``special``).
 There isn't a limit to the number of plugins a single package can

qiskit/transpiler/preset_passmanagers/plugin.py

@@ -134,23 +134,19 @@ def pass_manager(self, pass_manager_config, optimization_level):
 
 The second step is to expose the :class:`~.PassManagerStagePlugin`
 subclass as a setuptools entry point in the package metadata. This can be done
-by simply adding an ``entry_points`` entry to the ``setuptools.setup`` call in
-the ``setup.py`` or the plugin package with the necessary entry points under the
-appropriate namespace for the stage your plugin is for. You can see the list
-of stages, entry points, and expectations from the stage in :ref:`stage_table`.
-For example, continuing from the example plugin above::
-
-    entry_points = {
-        'qiskit.transpiler.layout': [
-            'vf2 = qiskit_plugin_pkg.module.plugin:VF2LayoutPlugin',
-        ]
-    },
-
-Note that the entry point ``name = path`` is a single string not a Python
-expression. There isn't a limit to the number of plugins a single package can
-include as long as each plugin has a unique name. So a single package can
-expose multiple plugins if necessary. Refer to :ref:`stage_table` for a list
-of reserved names for each stage.
+an ``entry-points`` table in ``pyproject.toml`` for the plugin package with the necessary entry
+points under the appropriate namespace for the stage your plugin is for. You can see the list of
+stages, entry points, and expectations from the stage in :ref:`stage_table`.  For example,
+continuing from the example plugin above::
+
+.. code-block:: toml
+
+    [project.entry-points."qiskit.transpiler.layout"]
+    "vf2" = "qiskit_plugin_pkg.module.plugin:VF2LayoutPlugin"
+
+There isn't a limit to the number of plugins a single package can include as long as each plugin has
+a unique name. So a single package can expose multiple plugins if necessary. Refer to
+:ref:`stage_table` for a list of reserved names for each stage.
 
 Plugin API
 ==========

qiskit/utils/optionals.py

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
 """
 
 # NOTE: If you're changing this file, sync it with `requirements-optional.txt` and potentially
-# `setup.py` as well.
+# `pyproject.toml` as well.
 
 import logging as _logging
 

requirements-optional.txt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # standard pip conventions, even though none of these are required.
 #
 # If updating this, you probably want to update `qiskit.utils.optionals` and
-# maybe `setup.py` too.
+# maybe `pyproject.toml` too.
 
 # Test-runner enhancements.
 fixtures