feat(outputs.influxdb_v2): Add rate limit implementation

[srebhan]

Summary

This PR adds the ability to limit the output rate to InfluxDBv2 instances. Currently only a fixed window rate-limit for the amount of uncompressed data is supported.

Checklist

• No AI generated code was used in this PR

Related issues

resolves #14802

[powersj]

@srebhan - this is a great piece of work. Clearly this needs to be broken up into a variety of PRs to make reviewing easier, however, it accomplishes the goal nicely. I love that you were able to make the size + period config option work.

From the performance side, this nicely appears to have no affect on other existing use cases or if it no set.

I would have you consider working with support to have someone there test this out as well.

[srebhan]

Thanks @powersj for your review. I'll adapt the spec then to reflect the possibility to set byte-based rate limits. I'll also break down the PR as it includes at least

• rework InfluxDBv2 plugin
• cleanup InfluxDBv2 plugin tests
• spec for partial write errors (being able for an output plugin to selectively drop metrics from a batch)
• implementation of partial write errors
• implement a rate limiter
• adapt InfluxDBv2 to use the ratelimiter

Thanks again for the review!

[telegraf-tiger]

Download PR build artifacts for linux_amd64.tar.gz, darwin_arm64.tar.gz, and windows_amd64.zip.
Downloads for additional architectures and packages are available below.

⚠️ This pull request increases the Telegraf binary size by 4.69 % for linux amd64 (new size: 268.7 MB, nightly size 256.7 MB)

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Artifact URLs

DEB	RPM	TAR GZ	ZIP
amd64.deb	aarch64.rpm	darwin_amd64.tar.gz	windows_amd64.zip
arm64.deb	armel.rpm	darwin_arm64.tar.gz	windows_arm64.zip
armel.deb	armv6hl.rpm	freebsd_amd64.tar.gz	windows_i386.zip
armhf.deb	i386.rpm	freebsd_armv7.tar.gz
i386.deb	ppc64le.rpm	freebsd_i386.tar.gz
mips.deb	riscv64.rpm	linux_amd64.tar.gz
mipsel.deb	s390x.rpm	linux_arm64.tar.gz
ppc64el.deb	x86_64.rpm	linux_armel.tar.gz
riscv64.deb		linux_armhf.tar.gz
s390x.deb		linux_i386.tar.gz
		linux_mips.tar.gz
		linux_mipsel.tar.gz
		linux_ppc64le.tar.gz
		linux_riscv64.tar.gz
		linux_s390x.tar.gz

[DStrand1]

Amazing work! Glad to see this landed for next release 😄