Docs: workaround for typedoc issue #2802 (backport #7470) [release/4.10.x]

[mergify]

TypeDoc 0.26 introduced a defect which caused modifier tags (@alpha, @beta, etc...) to be absent in certain type reflections - causing various issues with linking. While the bug has been identified and fixed, we need to update our docs build system to ESM (in progress) to consume the new version of TypeDoc. In the meantime, a workaround for the issue is to override the default cascadedModifierTags.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #7470 done by Mergify.

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of 906f63a has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/release/4.10.x/pr-7470
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/release/4.10.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 906f63a8b6.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	new file:   common/changes/@itwin/build-tools/docs-residual-typedoc0.26-issues_2024-12-09-20-45.json
	modified:   tools/build/scripts/docs.js

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   common/config/azure-pipelines/jobs/docs-build.yaml

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally