Guard::Jasmine automatically tests your Jasmine specs when files are modified.
Tested on MRI Ruby 1.9.2, 1.9.3, 2.0.0 and the latest version of JRuby.
If you have any questions please join us on our Google group or on #guard
(irc.freenode.net).
-
Continuous testing based on file modifications by Guard, manifold configuration by writing rules with RegExp and Ruby.
-
Fast headless testing on PhantomJS, a full featured WebKit browser with native support for various web standards: DOM handling, CSS selector, JSON, Canvas, and SVG.
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Runs the standard Jasmine test runner, so you can use Jasminerice for integrating Jasmine into the Rails asset pipeline and write your specs in CoffeeScript.
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Integrates Istanbul to instrument your code in the asset pipeline and generate coverage reports.
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Custom console logger implementation for pretty printing JavaScript objects and DOM elements.
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Can be used to run Jasmine-species acceptance tests provided by Jasmine Stories.
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Thor and Rake command line helper for CI server integration.
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Runs on Mac OS X, Linux and Windows.
If you are a RailsCast Pro subscriber, I recommend to watch #261 Testing JavaScript with Jasmine (revised) for an introduction to Jasmine, Jasminerice and Guard::Jasmine.
The simplest way to install Guard is to use Bundler. Please make sure to have Guard installed.
Add Guard::Jasmine to your Gemfile:
group :development, :test do
gem 'guard-jasmine'
endAdd the default Guard::Jasmine template to your Guardfile by running:
$ guard init jasminePlease have a look at the CHANGELOG when upgrading to a newer Guard::Jasmine version.
You need the PhantomJS browser installed on your system. You can download binaries for Mac OS X and Windows from the PhantomJS download section.
Alternatively you can install Homebrew on Mac OS X and install it with:
$ brew install phantomjsIf you are using Ubuntu 12.04 or above, phantomjs is in the official repositories and can be installed with apt:
$ sudo apt-get install phantomjsFor older versions of Ubuntu, you will need to add a repository first:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jerome-etienne/neoip
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install phantomjsYou can also build it from source for several other operating systems, please consult the PhantomJS build instructions.
With Rails 3.1 and later you can write your Jasmine specs in addition to JavaScript with CoffeeScript, fully integrated into the Rails asset pipeline with Jasminerice. You have full access to your running Rails app, but it's a good practice to fake the server response. Check out the excellent Sinon.JS documentation to learn more about this topic.
Guard::Jasmine will start a Rails Rack server to run your specs.
- Guard is triggered by a file modification.
- Guard::Jasmine executes the PhantomJS script.
- The PhantomJS script requests the Jasmine test runner via HTTP.
- Rails uses the asset pipeline to get the Jasmine runner, the code to be tested and the specs.
- The asset pipeline prepares the assets, compiles the CoffeeScripts if necessary.
- The asset pipeline has finished to prepare the needed assets.
- Rails returns the Jasmine runner HTML.
- PhantomJS requests linked assets and runs the Jasmine tests headless.
- The PhantomJS script collects the Jasmine runner results and returns a JSON report.
- Guard::Jasmine reports the results to the console and system notifications.
Please read the detailed installation and configuration instructions at Jasminerice.
In short, you add it to your Gemfile:
group :development, :test do
gem 'jasminerice'
endAnd run following from the Terminal:
mkdir -p spec/javascripts
echo -e "#=require application\n#=require_tree ./" > spec/javascripts/spec.js.coffee
echo -e "/*\n *=require application\n */" > spec/javascripts/spec.cssThis creates the directory spec/javascripts where your CoffeeScript tests goes into. You define the Rails
asset pipeline manifest in spec/javascripts/spec.js.coffee:
#=require application
#=require_tree ./It also creates an empty spec/javascripts/spec.css file as it is always requested when running specs.
Now you can access /jasmine when you start your Rails server normally.
Jasmine Stories is a Jasminerice clone and that serves Jasmine-species acceptance tests.
In short, you add it to your Gemfile:
group :development, :test do
gem 'jasmine-stories'
endAnd run following from the Terminal:
mkdir -p spec/javascripts/stories
echo -e "#=require_tree ./stories" > spec/javascripts/stories.js.coffee
echo -e "/*\n *=require application\n */" > spec/javascripts/spec.cssThis creates the directory spec/javascripts/stories where your CoffeeScript acceptance tests goes into.
Now you can access /jasmine-stories when you start your Rails server normally. You have to change the Jasmine runner
accordingly:
guard :jasmine, port: 8888, jasmine_url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/jasmine-stories' do
...
endWith Rails without the asset pipeline or a plain Ruby project, you can use the Jasmine Gem to configure your Jasmine specs and server the Jasmine runner. You don't have full access to your running Rails app, but it's anyway a good practice to fake the server response. Check out the excellent Sinon.JS documentation to learn more about this topic.
Guard::Jasmine will start a Jasmine Gem Rack server to run your specs.
- Guard is triggered by a file modification.
- Guard::Jasmine executes the PhantomJS script.
- The PhantomJS script requests the Jasmine test runner via HTTP.
- The Jasmine Gem reads your configuration and get the assets.
- The Jasmine Gem serves the the code to be tested and the specs.
- PhantomJS runs the Jasmine tests headless.
- The PhantomJS script collects the Jasmine runner results and returns a JSON report.
- Guard::Jasmine reports the results to the console and system notifications.
Please read the detailed installation and configuration instructions at the Jasmine Gem.
In short, you add the Jasmine gem to your Gemfile:
group :development, :test do
gem 'jasmine'
endand generate the configuration files.
Install the Jasmine gem in your Rails 3 app with:
$ rails g jasmine:installInstall the Jasmine gem in your Rails 2 app with:
$ script/generate jasmineNow you can configure your spec suite in the Jasmine configuration file specs/javascripts/support/jasmine.yml.
It is also possible to use CoffeeScript in this setup, by using Guard::CoffeeScript to compile your code and even specs. Just add something like this before Guard::Jasmine:
guard 'coffeescript', input: 'app/coffeescripts', output: 'public/javascripts'
guard 'coffeescript', input: 'spec/coffeescripts', output: 'spec/javascripts'If you like to use Guard::Jasmine with a plain Ruby project, you can create a Rack configuration file that starts a Rails instance with the asset pipeline and Jasminerice, having the full Rails testing comfort for non-Rails projects. Please have a look at the Rails with the asset pipeline section to see how the setup works.
First you have the add the needed Gems to your Gemfile:
group :assets do
gem 'coffee-script'
end
group :development, :test do
gem 'actionpack', '~> 3.2'
gem 'railties', '~> 3.2'
gem 'tzinfo'
gem 'thin'
gem 'jasminerice'
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem 'guard-jasmine'
endWe add support for CoffeeScript specs, using Thin as spec server and adding Jasminerice and jQuery
(which is needed by Jasminerice) to the Gems. After installing the gems with bundle, we can
create a Rack configuration to spin up a mini-Rails app for testing:
require 'action_controller/railtie'
require 'jasminerice'
require 'guard/jasmine'
require 'sprockets/railtie'
require 'jquery-rails'
class JasmineTest < Rails::Application
routes.append do
mount Jasminerice::Engine: '/jasmine'
end
config.cache_classes = true
config.active_support.deprecation = :log
config.assets.enabled = true
config.assets.version = '1.0'
config.secret_token = '9696be98e32a5f213730cb7ed6161c79'
end
JasmineTest.initialize!
run JasmineTestThe mini Rails app is now ready to start and serve the Jasmine specs. You only have to create
spec/javascripts/spec.js.coffee, the Jasminerice asset pipeline manifest, and configure the
assets:
#= require jquery
#= require_tree .Start the test server manually with bundle exec rackup -p 3000 and visit http://localhost:3000/jasmine
to verify it works. If everything is fine, you can continue with adding Guard::Jasmine to your Guardfile
and have your non-Rails app comfortably tested in a headless environment.
Please read the Guard usage documentation.
Guard::Jasmine can be adapted to all kind of projects. Please read the Guard documentation for more information about the Guardfile DSL.
guard 'jasmine' do
watch(%r{spec/javascripts/spec\.(js\.coffee|js|coffee)$}) { "spec/javascripts" }
watch(%r{spec/javascripts/.+_spec\.(js\.coffee|js|coffee)$})
watch(%r{app/assets/javascripts/(.+?)\.(js\.coffee|js|coffee)$}) { |m| "spec/javascripts/#{m[1]}_spec.#{m[2]}" }
endThere are many options that can customize Guard::Jasmine to your needs. Options are simply supplied as hash when
defining the Guard in your Guardfile:
guard 'jasmine', all_on_start: false, specdoc: :always do
...
endThe server options configures the server environment that is needed to run Guard::Jasmine:
server: :jasmine_gem # Jasmine server to use, either :auto, :none,
# :webrick, :mongrel, :thin, :unicorn, :jasmine_gem, :puma
# default: :auto
server_env: :test # Jasmine server Rails environment to set,
# e.g. :development or :test
# default: RAILS_ENV is exists, otherwise :development
server_timeout: 30 # The number of seconds to wait for the Jasmine spec server
# default: 15
port: 8888 # Jasmine server port to use.
# default: a random, free server port
phantomjs_bin: '~/bin/phantomjs' # Path to phantomjs.
# default: auto-detect 'phantomjs'
timeout: 20 # The time in seconds to wait for the spec runner to finish.
# default: 10
rackup_config: 'spec/dummy/config.ru' # Path to rackup config file (i.e. for webrick, mongrel, thin, unicorn, puma).
# default: ./config.ru
# This option is useful when using guard-jasmine in a mountable engine
# and the config.ru is within the dummy appIf you're setting the :server option to :none or need to access your specs on a other host than localhost, you can
supply the Jasmine runner url manually:
jasmine_url: 'http://192.168.1.5:1234/jasmine' # URL where Jasmine is served.
# default: nilYou may want to have also a fixed port instead of the random generated one.
The reason why the Server environment is set to development by default is that in development mode
the asset pipeline doesn't concatenate the JavaScripts and you'll see the line number in the real file,
instead of a ridiculous high line number in a single, very large JavaScript.
If you supply an unknown server name as the :server option, then Guard::Jasmine will execute
a rake task with the given server name as task in a child process. For example, if you configure
server: 'start_my_server', then the command rake start_my_server will be executed and
you have to make sure the server starts on the port that you can get from the JASMINE_PORT
environment variable.
The spec runner options configures the behavior driven development (or BDD) cycle:
spec_dir: 'app/spec' # Directory with the Jasmine specs.
# default: 'spec/javascripts'
clean: false # Clean the spec list by only keep Jasmine specs within the project.
# default: true
all_on_start: false # Run all suites on start.
# default: true
keep_failed: false # Keep failed suites and add them to the next run again.
# default: true
all_after_pass: false # Run all suites after a suite has passed again
# after failing.
# default: trueThe :keep_failed failed option remembers failed suites and not failed specs. The reason for this decision is to
avoid additional round trip time to request the Jasmine test runner for each single spec, which is mostly more expensive
than running a whole suite.
In general you want to leave the :clean flag on, which ensures that only Jasmine specs (files ending with _spec.js,
_spec.coffee and _spec.js.coffee inside your project are passed to the runner. If you have a custom project
structure or spec naming convention, you can set :clean to false to skip that file filter.
Guard::Jasmine can generate an RSpec like specdoc in the console after running the specs and you can set when it will be shown in the console:
specdoc: :always # Specdoc output options,
# either :always, :never or :failure
# default: :failure
focus: false # Specdoc focus to hide successful specs when
# at least one spec fails.
# default: true
console: :always # Console.log output options,
# either :always, :never or :failure
# default: :failure
errors: :always # Error output options,
# either :always, :never or :failure
# default: :failureWith the option set to :always, the specdoc is shown with and without errors in your spec, whereas on with the option
set to :never, there is no output at all, instead just a summary of the spec run is shown. The default option
:failure shows the specdoc when at least one spec failed.
When :focus is enabled, only the failing specs are shown in the specdoc when at least one spec is failing.
The :errors option is partially working when using at least PhantomJS version 1.5. Please see
Issue #166 for the actual status of retreiving the JavaScript
stack trace.
You may want to have different options when the spec runner runs all specs. You can specify the :run_all option
as a Hash that contains any valid runner option and will overwrite the general options.
run_all: { specdoc: :never } # Run all options,
# Takes any valid option
# default: {}The :console options adds captured console logs from the spec runner and adds them to the specdoc. Guard:Jasmine
contains its own minimalistic console implementation. The following console methods are supported:
console.logconsole.infoconsole.warnconsole.errorconsole.debug
The difference for each of this log methods is simply a prefix that is added to the log statement. The log also supports the common format placeholders:
%s%i,%d%f%o
You can further customize the log output by implement one of these methods:
toString()- must return a string that describes the objecttoJSON()- must return an object that is used instead of the actual object.
In addition, the console can log jQuery collections and outputs the HTML representation of the element by using the
jQuery html() method.
Guard::Jasmine supports coverage reports generated by Istanbul. You need to
have istanbul in your path in order to make this feature work. You can install it with NPM
$ npm install -g istanbulYou also need to explicit enable the coverage support in the options:
coverage: true # Enable/disable JavaScript coverage support
# default: falseIstanbul needs to instrument the implementation files so that the execution path can be detected. Guard::Jasmine comes
with a tilt template that generates instrumented implementation files when using in the asset pipeline. If you do not
use asset pipeline, than you need to instrument your files on your own, either manually (basic example: istanbul instrument --output instrumented_scripts scripts) or by using something like
Guard::Process. You can get more information about the
instrumentation with istanbul help instrument. You'll also need to update your :spec_dir or jasmine.yml/src_dir settings to point Guard::Jasmine to these instrumented source files.
Important: You need to clear the asset cache when you change this setting, so that already compiled assets will be recompiled. Just use the Sprockets supplied Rake task:
$ rake assets:cleanBy default Guard::Jasmine just outputs the coverage when enable without any effect on the spec run result. You can make Guard::Jasmine fail the spec run when a given threshold is not met. You can set the following thresholds:
statements_threshold: 95 # Statements coverage threshold
# default: 0
functions_threshold: 85 # Functions coverage threshold
# default: 0
branches_threshold: -10 # Branches coverage threshold
# default: 0
lines_threshold: -15 # Lines coverage threshold
# default: 0A positive threshold is taken to be the minimum percentage required, a negative threshold represents the maximum number of uncovered entities allowed.
Guard::Jasmine always shows the Istanbul text report after a spec run that contains the coverage results per file. You can also enable two more reports:
coverage_html: true # Enable Istanbul HTML coverage report
# default: false
coverage_summary: true # Enable Istanbul summary coverage report
# default: falseThe :coverage_summary options disables the detailed file based coverage report by a small summary coverage report.
Both of these results are more useful if they are run against the coverage data from a full spec run, so it's strongly
advised to enable the :all_on_start option.
With Jasmine in the asset pipeline all instrumented implementation files are available in the runtime and when you execute a partial spec run it reports a lower coverage for the excluded files, since their associated specs aren't run. Guard::Jasmine tries to work around this by merge only the coverage data for the changed files (Istanbul knows the file name in opposite to Jasmine).
You can use the Cobertura format to bring coverage support to Jenkins CI, even that Guard::Jasmine has no built in support for it. The trick is to post-process the coverage data with istanbul after the spec run:
desc "Run all JavaScript specs with Istanbul"
task :jscov => :environment do
# Run Jasmine tests with code coverage on and generate Jenkins-compatible Jasmine code coverage report file.
# Must run assets:clean first to force re-compilation.
# Make sure to fail this task if there are unit test failures.
# For some reason does not work if run as separate exec's, so combine into one.
exec('rake assets:clean; guard-jasmine --coverage --coverage-html --coverage-summary; \
code=$?; if [ $code != "0" ]; then exit $code; fi; istanbul report cobertura')
endThese options affects what system notifications are shown after a spec run:
notifications: false # Show success and error notifications.
# default: true
hide_success: true # Disable successful spec run notification.
# default: false
max_error_notify: 5 # Maximum error notifications to show.
# default: 3Jasmine doesn't know anything about your test files, it only knows the name of your specs that you specify in the
describe function. When a file change is detected, Guard::Jasmine extracts the first spec name of the file and uses
that spec description as spec filter.
So if you want to have a precise spec detection, you should:
- Use only one top-level description per spec file.
- Make each top-level description unique.
To get a feeling how your naming strategy works, play with the web based Jasmine runner and modify the spec query
parameter.
Guard::Jasmine includes a little command line utility to run your specs once and output the specdoc to the console.
$ guard-jasmineYou can get help on the available options with the help task:
$ guard-jasmine help spec
Usage:
guard-jasmine spec
Options:
-s, [--server=SERVER] # Server to start, either `auto`, `webrick`, `mongrel`, `thin`, `puma`
# `unicorn`, `jasmine_gem` or `none`
# Default: auto
-p, [--port=N] # Server port to use
# Default: Random free port
[--verbose] # Show the server output in the console
-e, [--server-env=SERVER_ENV] # The server environment to use, for example `development`, `test` etc.
# Default: test
[--server-timeout=N] # The number of seconds to wait for the Jasmine spec server
# Default: 15
-b, [--bin=BIN] # The location of the PhantomJS binary
-d, [--spec-dir=SPEC_DIR] # The directory with the Jasmine specs
# Default: spec/javascripts
-u, [--url=URL] # The url of the Jasmine test runner_options
# Default: nil
-t, [--timeout=N] # The maximum time in seconds to wait for the spec
# runner to finish
# Default: 10
[--console=CONSOLE] # Whether to show console.log statements in the spec runner,
# either `always`, `never` or `failure`
# Default: failure
[--errors=ERRORS] # Whether to show errors in the spec runner,
# either `always`, `never` or `failure`
# Default: failure
[--focus] # Specdoc focus to hide successful tests when at least one test fails
# Default: true
[--specdoc=SPECDOC] # Whether to show successes in the spec runner, either `always`, `never` or `failure`
# Default: always
[--coverage] # Whether to enable the coverage support or not
[--coverage-html] # Whether to generate html coverage report. Implies --coverage
[--coverage-html-dir=REPORT_DIR] # Where to save html coverage reports. Defaults to ./coverage. Implies --coverage-html
[--coverage-summary] # Whether to generate html coverage summary. Implies --coverage
[--statements-threshold=N] # Statements coverage threshold
# Default: 0
[--functions-threshold=N] # Functions coverage threshold
# Default: 0
[--branches-threshold=N] # Branches coverage threshold
# Default: 0
[--lines-threshold=N] # Lines coverage threshold
# Default: 0
Run the Jasmine spec runnerBy default all specs are run, but you can supply multiple paths to your specs to run only a subset:
$ guard-jasmine spec/javascripts/a_spec.js.coffee spec/javascripts/another_spec.js.coffeeGuard::Jasmine provides a Rake task wrapper around the Thor command line utility. Simply create a JasmineTask within
your Rakefile:
require 'guard/jasmine/task'
Guard::JasmineTask.newYou can configure the CLI options either by providing the options as parameter or use a block:
require 'guard/jasmine/task'
Guard::JasmineTask.new do |task|
task.options = '-t 15 -e test'
end
Guard::JasmineTask.new(:jasmine_no_server, '-s none')Now you'll set your tasks in the Rake task list:
$ rake -T guard
rake guard:jasmine # Run all Jasmine specs
rake guard:jasmine_no_server # Run all Jasmine specsand you can execute the Guard::Jasmine specs on the console by running the task:
$ rake guard:jasmineWith the given guard-jasmine script you're able to configure Travis CI to run Guard::Jasmine.
Simply use the script setting in your .travis.yml:
script: 'bundle exec guard-jasmine --server-timeout=60'You can also run your Guard::Jasmine specs after your specs that are ran with rake by using &&:
script: 'rake spec && bundle exec guard-jasmine'When using a PhantomJS version prior to 1.5, you need to start xvfb before running the specs:
before_script:
- "export DISPLAY=:99.0"
- "sh -e /etc/init.d/xvfb start"Tip: It's highly recommended the have a server timeout of at least 60 seconds, since the performance of the Travis VMs seems to vary quite a bit; sometimes the Jasmine server starts in 5 seconds, sometimes it takes as long as 50 seconds.
When building an engine, your code lives at the root but the dummy Rails app is in another folder (like test/dummy or spec/dummy).
So you have to import the Jasmine task in your Rakefile:
$ echo "import 'lib/tasks/jasmine.rake'" > Rakefile
$ bundle exec rake -T jasmine
rake jasmine # Run specs via server
rake jasmine:ci # Run continuous integration testsGiven your configuration, you could also need to set:
-
jasmine_urlin yourGuardfileas explained above -
the server url in the command line:
bundle exec guard-jasmine -u http://localhost:8888/
There are many ways to get your Jasmine specs run within a headless environment. If Guard::Jasmine isn't for you, I recommend to check out these other brilliant Jasmine runners:
- guard-konacha, Automatically run konacha tests through Guard.
- guard-teabag, Guard-Teabag: Run Javascript tests with Guard and all the features of Teabag
- Karma spectacular Test Runner for JavaScript.
You can report issues and feature requests to GitHub Issues. Try to figure out
where the issue belongs to: Is it an issue with Guard itself or with Guard::Jasmine? Please don't
ask question in the issue tracker, instead join us in our Google group or on
#guard (irc.freenode.net).
When you file an issue, please try to follow to these simple rules if applicable:
- Make sure you have study the README carefully.
- Make sure you run Guard with
bundle execfirst. - Add debug information to the issue by running Guard with the
--verboseoption. - Add your
GuardfileandGemfileto the issue. - Make sure that the issue is reproducible with your description.
Pull requests are very welcome! Please try to follow these simple rules if applicable:
- Please create a topic branch for every separate change you make.
- Make sure your patches are well tested.
- Update the Yard documentation.
- Update the README.
- Update the CHANGELOG for noteworthy changes.
- Please do not change the version number.
For questions please join us in our Google group or on
#guard (irc.freenode.net).
Guard has an open commit bit policy: Anyone with an accepted pull request gets added as a repository collaborator. Please try to follow these simple rules:
- Commit directly onto the master branch only for typos, improvements to the readme and documentation (please add
[ci skip]to the commit message). - Create a feature branch and open a pull-request early for any new features to get feedback.
- Make sure you adhere to the general pull request rules above.
This Guard comes with a small executable guard-jasmine-debug that can be used to run the Jasmine test runner on PhantomJS
and see the JSON result that gets evaluated by Guard::Jasmine. This comes handy when there is an issue with your specs
and you want to see the output of the PhantomJS script.
$ guard-jasmine-debugThe only argument that the script takes is the URL to the Jasmine runner, which defaults to
http://127.0.0.1:3000/jasmine. So you can for example just run a subset of the specs by changing the URL:
$ guard-jasmine-debug http://127.0.0.1:3000/Jasmine?spec=YourSpecDeveloped by Michael Kessler, sponsored by mksoft.ch.
If you like Guard::Jasmine, you can watch the repository at GitHub and follow @netzpirat on Twitter for project updates.
See the CHANGELOG and the GitHub list of contributors.
- Ariya Hidayat for PhantomJS, a powerful headless WebKit browser.
- Brad Phelan for Jasminerice, an elegant solution for Jasmine in the Rails 3.1 asset pipeline.
- Pivotal Labs for their beautiful Jasmine BDD testing framework that makes JavaScript testing fun.
- Jeremy Ashkenas for CoffeeScript, that little language that compiles into JavaScript and makes me enjoy the front-end.
- The Guard Team for giving us such a nice piece of software that is so easy to extend, one has to make a plugin for it!
- All the authors of the numerous Guards available for making the Guard ecosystem so much growing and comprehensive.
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Michael Kessler
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.