Drop Linux kernel info entirely

Realistically this isn't going to be useful, and it unnecessarily
segments a very small part of the userbase so risks individualizable
fingerprints (non-major-distro Linux users).

src/device.ts

@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ async function getLinuxOsDetails() {
 
         return {
             platform: osRelease['ID'] || osRelease['NAME'] || 'linux',
-            release: majorMinorOnly(osRelease['VERSION_ID'] || os.release())
+            release: majorMinorOnly(osRelease['VERSION_ID']) || 'Unknown'
         };
     } catch (e) {
         logError(`Failed to detect Linux version: ${e.message}`);
         return {
             platform: 'linux',
-            release: majorMinorOnly(os.release())
+            release: 'Unknown'
         };
     }
 }