WIP

.rubocop.yml

@@ -94,3 +94,6 @@ Security/MarshalLoad:
 
 Lint/EmptyBlock:
   Exclude: [spec/**/*.rb]
+
+Naming/MethodParameterName:
+  Exclude: [spec/**/*.rb]

Readme.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Parallel
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/grosser/parallel/actions/workflows/actions.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/grosser/parallel/actions/workflows/actions.yml)
 
 
-Run any code in parallel Processes(> use all CPUs) or Threads(> speedup blocking operations).<br/>
+Run any code in parallel Processes(> use all CPUs), Threads(> speedup blocking operations), or Ractors(> use all CPUs).<br/>
 Best suited for map-reduce or e.g. parallel downloads/uploads.
 
 Install
@@ -20,14 +20,17 @@ Usage
 ```Ruby
 # 2 CPUs -> work in 2 processes (a,b + c)
 results = Parallel.map(['a','b','c']) do |one_letter|
-  expensive_calculation(one_letter)
+  SomeClass.expensive_calculation(one_letter)
 end
 
 # 3 Processes -> finished after 1 run
 results = Parallel.map(['a','b','c'], in_processes: 3) { |one_letter| ... }
 
 # 3 Threads -> finished after 1 run
 results = Parallel.map(['a','b','c'], in_threads: 3) { |one_letter| ... }
+
+# 3 Ractors -> finished after 1 run
+results = Parallel.map(['a','b','c'], in_ractors: 3, ractor: [SomeClass, :expensive_calculation])
 ```
 
 Same can be done with `each`
@@ -67,6 +70,15 @@ Processes/Threads are workers, they grab the next piece of work when they finish
  - Variables can be shared/modified
  - No extra memory used
 
+### Ractors
+ - Ruby 3.0+ only
+ - Speedup for blocking operations
+ - Variables cannot be shared/modified
+ - No extra memory used
+ - Very fast to spawn
+ - Experimental and unstable
+ - `start` and `finish` hooks are called on main thread
+
 ### ActiveRecord
 
 #### Connection Lost

lib/parallel.rb

@@ -264,6 +264,9 @@ def map(source, options = {}, &block)
       elsif options[:in_threads]
         method = :in_threads
         size = options[method]
+      elsif options[:in_ractors]
+        method = :in_ractors
+        size = options[method]
       else
         method = :in_processes
         if Process.respond_to?(:fork)
@@ -285,6 +288,8 @@ def map(source, options = {}, &block)
           work_direct(job_factory, options, &block)
         elsif method == :in_threads
           work_in_threads(job_factory, options.merge(count: size), &block)
+        elsif method == :in_ractors
+          work_in_ractors(job_factory, options.merge(count: size), &block)
         else
           work_in_processes(job_factory, options.merge(count: size), &block)
         end
@@ -382,6 +387,72 @@ def work_in_threads(job_factory, options, &block)
       exception || results
     end
 
+    def work_in_ractors(job_factory, options)
+      exception = nil
+      results = []
+      results_mutex = Mutex.new # arrays are not thread-safe on jRuby
+
+      callback = options[:ractor]
+      if block_given? || !callback
+        raise ArgumentError, "pass the code you want to execute as `ractor: [ClassName, :method_name]`"
+      end
+
+      # build
+      ractors = Array.new(options.fetch(:count)) do
+        Ractor.new do
+          loop do
+            got = receive
+            (klass, method_name), item, index = got
+            break if index == :break
+            begin
+              Ractor.yield [nil, klass.send(method_name, item), item, index]
+            rescue StandardError => e
+              Ractor.yield [e, nil, item, index]
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # start
+      ractors.dup.each do |ractor|
+        if set = job_factory.next
+          item, index = set
+          instrument_start item, index, options
+          ractor.send [callback, item, index]
+        else
+          ractor.send([[nil, nil], nil, :break]) # stop the ractor
+          ractors.delete ractor
+        end
+      end
+
+      # replace with new items
+      while set = job_factory.next
+        item_next, index_next = set
+        done, (exception, result, item, index) = Ractor.select(*ractors)
+        if exception
+          ractors.delete done
+          break
+        end
+        instrument_finish item, index, result, options
+        results_mutex.synchronize { results[index] = (options[:preserve_results] == false ? nil : result) }
+
+        instrument_start item_next, index_next, options
+        done.send([callback, item_next, index_next])
+      end
+
+      # finish
+      ractors.each do |ractor|
+        (new_exception, result, item, index) = ractor.take
+        exception ||= new_exception
+        next if new_exception
+        instrument_finish item, index, result, options
+        results_mutex.synchronize { results[index] = (options[:preserve_results] == false ? nil : result) }
+        ractor.send([[nil, nil], nil, :break]) # stop the ractor
+      end
+
+      exception || results
+    end
+
     def work_in_processes(job_factory, options, &blk)
       workers = create_workers(job_factory, options, &blk)
       results = []
@@ -426,6 +497,7 @@ def work_in_processes(job_factory, options, &blk)
           end
         end
       end
+
       exception || results
     end
 
@@ -521,12 +593,20 @@ def call_with_index(item, index, options, &block)
     end
 
     def with_instrumentation(item, index, options)
-      on_start = options[:start]
-      on_finish = options[:finish]
-      options[:mutex].synchronize { on_start.call(item, index) } if on_start
+      instrument_start(item, index, options)
       result = yield
-      options[:mutex].synchronize { on_finish.call(item, index, result) } if on_finish
+      instrument_finish(item, index, result, options)
       result unless options[:preserve_results] == false
     end
+
+    def instrument_finish(item, index, result, options)
+      return unless on_finish = options[:finish]
+      options[:mutex].synchronize { on_finish.call(item, index, result) }
+    end
+
+    def instrument_start(item, index, options)
+      return unless on_start = options[:start]
+      options[:mutex].synchronize { on_start.call(item, index) }
+    end
   end
 end

spec/cases/each_with_ar_sqlite.rb

@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@
   class User < ActiveRecord::Base # rubocop:disable Lint/ConstantDefinitionInBlock
   end
 
+  class Callback # rubocop:disable Lint/ConstantDefinitionInBlock
+    def self.call(_)
+      $stdout.sync = true
+      puts "Parallel: #{User.all.map(&:name).join}"
+    end
+  end
+
   # create tables
   unless User.table_exists?
     ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 1) do
@@ -31,8 +38,10 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base # rubocop:disable Lint/ConstantDefinitionInBlock
 
   puts "Parent: #{User.first.name}"
 
-  Parallel.each([1], in_worker_type => 1) do
-    puts "Parallel (#{in_worker_type}): #{User.all.map(&:name).join}"
+  if in_worker_type == :in_ractors
+    Parallel.each([1], in_worker_type => 1, ractor: [Callback, :call])
+  else
+    Parallel.each([1], in_worker_type => 1) { |x| Callback.call x }
   end
 
   puts "Parent: #{User.first.name}"

spec/cases/map_with_ractor.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+require './spec/cases/helper'
+
+class Callback
+  def self.call(arg)
+    "#{arg}x"
+  end
+end
+
+result = Parallel.map(ENV['INPUT'].chars, in_ractors: Integer(ENV["COUNT"] || 2), ractor: [Callback, :call])
+print result * ''

spec/cases/profile_memory.rb

@@ -11,13 +11,26 @@ def count_objects
   cur.map { |k, v| [k, v - old[k]] }.to_h.reject { |_k, v| v == 0 }
 end
 
+class Callback
+  def self.call(x); end
+end
+
 require './spec/cases/helper'
 
 items = Array.new(1000)
 options = { "in_#{ARGV[0]}".to_sym => 2 }
 
 # TODO: not sure why this fails without 2.times in threading mode :(
 
-puts(count_objects { 2.times { Parallel.map(items, options) {} } }.inspect)
+call = lambda do
+  if ARGV[0] == "ractors"
+    Parallel.map(items, options.merge(ractor: [Callback, :call]))
+    sleep 0.1 # ractors need a bit to shut down
+  else
+    Parallel.map(items, options) {}
+  end
+end
+
+puts(count_objects { 2.times { call.call } }.inspect)
 
-puts(count_objects { 2.times { Parallel.map(items, options) {} } }.inspect)
+puts(count_objects { 2.times { call.call } }.inspect)

spec/cases/with_break.rb

@@ -6,11 +6,24 @@
 in_worker_type = "in_#{ENV.fetch('WORKER_TYPE')}".to_sym
 worker_size = (ENV['WORKER_SIZE'] || 4).to_i
 
-result = Parallel.public_send(method, 1..100, in_worker_type => worker_size) do |x|
-  sleep 0.1 # so all workers get started
-  print x
-  raise Parallel::Break, *ARGV if x == 1
-  sleep 0.2 # so now no work gets queued before Parallel::Break is raised
-  x
+ARGV.freeze # make ractor happy
+
+class Callback
+  def self.call(x)
+    $stdout.sync = true
+    sleep 0.1 # so all workers get started
+    print x
+    raise Parallel::Break, *ARGV if x == 1
+    sleep 0.2 # so now no work gets queued before Parallel::Break is raised
+    x
+  end
 end
+
+options = { in_worker_type => worker_size }
+result =
+  if in_worker_type == :in_ractors
+    Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, options.merge(ractor: [Callback, :call]))
+  else
+    Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, options) { |x| Callback.call x }
+  end
 print " Parallel::Break raised - result #{result.inspect}"

spec/cases/with_break_before_finish.rb

@@ -3,18 +3,28 @@
 
 method = ENV.fetch('METHOD')
 in_worker_type = "in_#{ENV.fetch('WORKER_TYPE')}".to_sym
+$stdout.sync = true
+
+class Callback
+  def self.call(x)
+    $stdout.sync = true
+    sleep 0.1 # let workers start
+    raise Parallel::Break if x == 1
+    sleep 0.2
+    print x
+    x
+  end
+end
 
 finish = lambda do |_item, _index, _result|
   sleep 0.1
   print "finish hook called"
 end
 
-Parallel.public_send(method, 1..100, in_worker_type => 4, finish: finish) do |x|
-  sleep 0.1 # let workers start
-  raise Parallel::Break if x == 1
-  sleep 0.2
-  print x
-  x
+options = { in_worker_type => 4, finish: finish }
+if in_worker_type == :in_ractors
+  Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, options.merge(ractor: [Callback, :call]))
+else
+  Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, options) { |x| Callback.call x }
 end
-
 print " Parallel::Break raised"

spec/cases/with_exception.rb

@@ -6,14 +6,27 @@
 in_worker_type = "in_#{ENV.fetch('WORKER_TYPE')}".to_sym
 worker_size = (ENV['WORKER_SIZE'] || 4).to_i
 
-begin
-  Parallel.public_send(method, 1..100, in_worker_type => worker_size) do |x|
+class ParallelTestError < StandardError
+end
+
+class Callback
+  def self.call(x)
+    $stdout.sync = true
     sleep 0.1 # so all workers get started
     print x
-    raise 'foo' if x == 1
+    raise ParallelTestError, 'foo' if x == 1
     sleep 0.2 # so now no work gets queued before exception is raised
     x
   end
-rescue StandardError
+end
+
+begin
+  options = { in_worker_type => worker_size }
+  if in_worker_type == :in_ractors
+    Parallel.public_send(method, 1..100, options.merge(ractor: [Callback, :call]))
+  else
+    Parallel.public_send(method, 1..100, options) { |x| Callback.call x }
+  end
+rescue ParallelTestError
   print ' raised'
 end

spec/cases/with_exception_before_finish.rb

@@ -7,19 +7,29 @@
 class ParallelTestError < StandardError
 end
 
-begin
-  finish = lambda do |_item, _index, _result|
-    print " called"
-  end
-
-  Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, in_worker_type => 4, finish: finish) do |x|
+class Callback
+  def self.call(x)
+    $stdout.sync = true
     if x != 3
       sleep 0.2
       raise ParallelTestError
     end
     print x
     x
   end
+end
+
+begin
+  finish = lambda do |_item, _index, _result|
+    print " called"
+  end
+
+  options = { in_worker_type => 4, finish: finish }
+  if in_worker_type == :in_ractors
+    Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, options.merge(ractor: [Callback, :call]))
+  else
+    Parallel.public_send(method, 1..10, options) { |x| Callback.call x }
+  end
 rescue ParallelTestError
   nil
 end