The R-package qad (short for quantification of asymmetric dependence) allows to estimate the (directed) dependence of two random variables X and Y. The estimated population value q(X,Y) introduced in [1,3] fulfills the following properties:
- q(X,Y) = 1 if and only if Y is a function of X (knowing X means knowing Y)
- q(X,Y) = 0 if and only if X and Y are independent (no information gain).
While the Pearson correlation coefficient assesses only linear and Spearman rank correlation only monotonic relationships, qad is able to detect any kind of association. For further information we refer to the vignette or the related publications [1,2,3].
The easiest way to get the package qad is:
install.packages("qad")In order to install the development version of qad from GitHub:
# install devtools package
if (!requireNamespace("devtools", quietly = TRUE)) {
install.packages("devtools")
}
# install package
devtools::install_github("griefl/qad", dependencies = TRUE)library(qad)
set.seed(314)
n <- 100
x <- rnorm(n)
y <- x^2 + rnorm(n, 0, 1)
plot(x,y, pch = 16)
fit <- qad(x,y)
#>
#> quantification of asymmetric dependence:
#>
#> Data: x1 := x
#> x2 := y
#>
#> Sample Size: 100
#> Number of unique ranks: x1: 100
#> x2: 100
#> (x1,x2): 100
#> Resolution: 10 x 10
#>
#> Dependence measures:
#> q p.values
#> q(x1,x2) 0.610 0.000
#> q(x2,x1) 0.393 0.002
#> max.dependence 0.610 0.000
#>
#> a p.values
#> asymmetry 0.217 NA
coef(fit)
#> q(x1,x2) q(x2,x1) max.dependence asymmetry
#> 0.610 0.393 0.610 0.217
#> p.q(x1,x2) p.q(x2,x1) p.max.dependence p.asymmetry
#> 0.000 0.002 0.000 NA
#Comparison with correlation
cor(x,y, method = "pearson")
#> [1] -0.04404337
cor(x,y, method = "spearman")
#> [1] 0.06546655
cor(x,y, method = "kendall")
#> [1] 0.05090909-
[1] R.R. Junker, F. Griessenberger, W. Trutschnig: Estimating scale-invariant directed dependence of bivariate distributions, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, (2021), 153, 107058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2020.107058
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[2] R.R. Junker, F. Griessenberger, W. Trutschnig: A copula-based measure for quantifying asymmetry in dependence and associations, https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00203
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[3] W. Trutschnig: On a strong metric on the space of copulas and its induced dependence measure, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 2011, (384), 690-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.06.013