feat: Convert line filter expressions to a set of bloom tests

[salvacorts]

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR introduces:

• A new interface BloomTest with two test methods that take a bloom as an argument and returns a boolean. True if the test passes with the given bloom.
• A new function FiltersToBloomTest that given a set of LineFilterExpr, it returns a BloomTest.

The logic in this PR is not yet used anywhere since we need to do some refactoring to be able to use it. These refactorings will be done on a set of follow-up PRs:
1. Pass syntax.LineFilterExpr instead of syntax.LineFilter with logproto.FilterChunkRefRequest
2. Create BloomTest from the line filters passed along through logproto.FilterChunkRefRequest and modify the fused querier to use the resulting BloomTest.
3. Map regex line filters to BloomTest when possible. The logic would be pretty similar to what's done in the simplify function at pkg/logql/log/filter.go. We can probably extract the simplification logic into [pkg/util/regex.go].(https://github.com/grafana/loki/blob/5a08a6bcb9ecc816328cb7859bbdcc7cf9d004c5/pkg/util/regex.go)

Special notes for your reviewer:

• As explained in the bullets above, regexes are not yet tested. all regex filter expressions are mapped to Noop tests which always return true.

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• CHANGELOG.md updated
  • If the change is worth mentioning in the release notes, add add-to-release-notes label
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• For Helm chart changes bump the Helm chart version in production/helm/loki/Chart.yaml and update production/helm/loki/CHANGELOG.md and production/helm/loki/README.md. Example PR
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[chaudum]

This is looking really good!