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Merge pull request #165 from googlefonts/merge-adam-data
Import Noto script data
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id: "Adlm" | ||
name: "Adlam" | ||
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family: "African" | ||
summary: "Adlam (<span class=\'autonym\'>𞤀𞤣𞤤𞤢𞤥 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪</span>) is an African bicameral alphabet, written right-to-left. Used for the Fulani (Fula, 65 million speakers) language in Guinea, which previously used Latin and Arabic. Created around 1989 by two teenage brothers, Ibrahima and Abdoulaye Barry. One of indigenous scripts for specific languages in West Africa, currently taught in Guinea, Nigeria, Liberia and other countries. Adlam has 28 letters, each in four forms. The unjoined variant is suitable for headlines and for educational content. The cursive variant, in which letters join the same way as in Arabic and N’Ko, is suitable for most texts. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Aghb" | ||
name: "Caucasian Albanian" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "European" | ||
summary: "Caucasian Albanian is a historical European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used in the 5th–12th century CE for the Caucasian Albanian language, a dialect of Old Udi, in parts of present-day Azerbaijan and Dagestan. Probably based on Greek writing, supposedly devised by Mesrop Mashtots. Has 52 letters." |
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id: "Ahom" | ||
name: "Ahom" | ||
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family: "Southeast Asian" | ||
summary: "Ahom (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑜒𑜑𑜪𑜨</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in the 13th–18th century CE by the Tai Ahom community in India for the now-extinct Ahom language. Later largely replaced by the Assamese language and script." |
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id: "Arab" | ||
name: "Arabic" | ||
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family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Arabic (<span class=\'autonym\'>العربية</span>) is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left (660 million users). 2nd- or 3rd-most used script in the world. Used for the Arabic language since the 4th century, and for many other languages, often in Islamic countries or communities in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, like Persian, Uyghur, Kurdish, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balti, Balochi, Pashto, Lurish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Rohingya, Somali, Mandinka, Kazakh (in China), Kurdish, or Azeri (in Iran). Was used for Turkish until 1928. Includes 28 basic consonant letters for the Arabic language, plus additional letters for other languages. Some letters represent a consonant or a long vowel, while short vowels are optionally written with diacritics. Variants include Kufi with a very simplified structure, the widely-used Naskh calligraphic variant, and the highly cursive Nastaliq used mainly for Urdu. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Aran" | ||
name: "Arabic (Nastaliq variant)" | ||
name: "Arabic (Nastaliq variant)" | ||
family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Arabic (Nastaliq) is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left (250 million users). Default Arabic script variant for the Urdu language, also used for Persian and other languages in Afghanistan, India, Iran, and Pakistan. The Nastaliq variant of Arabic was developed in Persia (now Iran) in the 15th century. Highly cursive, connects a sequence of letters into clusters at a sloping angle. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Armi" | ||
name: "Imperial Aramaic" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Imperial Aramaic is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was the script and language of the Persian Empire in 5th–3rd century BCE. Derived from the Phoenician script. Continued to be used until the 2nd century CE, and later evolved into Syriac, Nabataean, Palmyran and Hebrew (to which it is the closest)." |
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id: "Armn" | ||
name: "Armenian" | ||
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family: "European" | ||
summary: "Armenian (<span class=\'autonym\'>Հայոց գրեր</span>) is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right (12 million users). Created around 405 CE by Mesrop Mashtots. Used for the Armenian language to this day. Was widespread in the 18th–19th centuries CE in the Ottoman Empire. Armenia uses a reformed spelling introduced in the Soviet Union, the Armenian diaspora mostly uses the original Mesropian orthography." |
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id: "Avst" | ||
name: "Avestan" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Avestan is a historical Middle Eastern alphabet, written right-to-left. Was used in the 5th–13th century CE for Avestan, an Eastern Iranian language. Developed during Iran’s Sassanid era. Was probably in everyday use, though the only surviving examples are religious texts called Avesta. Has 37 consonants and 16 vowels." |
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id: "Bali" | ||
name: "Balinese" | ||
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family: "Southeast Asian" | ||
summary: "Balinese (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬩᬮᬶ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (5 million users). Used for the Balinese language on the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali, mostly for signage, traditional literature, and, on a limited scale, for new literature. Also used for Old Javanese and Sanskrit. Derived from Old Kawi, similar to Javanese. Has 47 letters. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Bamu" | ||
name: "Bamum" | ||
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family: "African" | ||
summary: "Bamum is an African syllabary, written left-to-right (0.4 million users). Used in Cameroon. Developed communally at the end of the 19th century at the instigation of the Bamum King Njoya. Initially was logographic, later evolved into a syllabary. Bamum is being revived after decline since the 1930s." |
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id: "Bass" | ||
name: "Bassa Vah" | ||
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family: "African" | ||
summary: "Bassa Vah is an African bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Used for the Bassa language spoken in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and by communities in Brazil and the Caribbean. Developed by Dr. Thomas Flo Lewis from a sign system used by the Bassa people to avoid slave traders, later suppressed by colonial powers, fell into disuse. Has 23 consonants, 7 vowels, and 5 tone diacritics." |
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id: "Batk" | ||
name: "Batak" | ||
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family: "Southeast Asian" | ||
summary: "Batak (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᯘᯮᯒᯖ᯲ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written vertically and horizontally left-to-right. Used for the Toba, Karo, Dairi, Mandailing, Simalungun, and Angkola languages used on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Used since the 14th century, standardised in the 1850s. Revived recently after a decline since in the 20th century." |
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id: "Beng" | ||
name: "Bangla" | ||
family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Bangla (Bengali, Bengali-Assamese, <span class=\'autonym\'>বাংলা বর্ণমালা</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (265 million users). Used in Bangladesh and India, for the Bengali language, and for other languages like Assamese, Kokborok, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Meitei Manipuri, Rabha, Maithili, Rangpuri, Sylheti, Santali and Sanskrit. Developed in the 11th century CE. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Bhks" | ||
name: "Bhaiksuki" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Bhaiksuki (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱</span>) is a historical Indic abugida. Was used in 11th–12th century CE for Buddhist texts in Sanskrit in the Indian state of Bihar. Also called Arrow-Headed Script, Point-Headed Script, or Sindhura." |
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id: "Brah" | ||
name: "Brahmi" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Brahmi is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in 3rd century BCE–5th century CE in South Asia for Prakrit, Sanskrit, Saka, Tamil, Kannada, Tocharian. Evolved into the many Brahmic scripts used today in South and Southeast Asia. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Brai" | ||
name: "Braille" | ||
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family: "artificial" | ||
summary: "Braille (<span class=\'autonym\'>⠃⠗⠇</span>) is an artificial alphabet, written left-to-right. A tactile writing system used by the visually impaired, traditionally written on embossed paper. Developed 1821 by Louis Braille, who lost his sight at age three. Inspired by Charles Barbier’s night writing code developed for silent military communication. Each sign is a combination of six raised or lowered dots. All 64 combinations stand for Latin letters, common abbreviations and words, and a space. Used for languages that use the Latin script or have a Latin transcription convention." |
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id: "Bugi" | ||
name: "Buginese" | ||
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family: "Southeast Asian" | ||
summary: "Buginese (Lontara, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᨒᨚᨈᨑ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used since the 17th century for the Bugis, Makasar, and Mandar languages of Sulawesi in Indonesia (over 7 million speakers). Largely replaced by the Latin alphabet during the period of Dutch colonization, but still used for ceremonial, personal and traditional texts." |
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id: "Buhd" | ||
name: "Buhid" | ||
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family: "Southeast Asian" | ||
summary: "Buhid (Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᝊᝓᝑᝒ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (about 9,000 users). Used together with the Filipino Latin script for the Buhid language, spoken by Mangyan people in the Mindoro region of the Philippines." |
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id: "Cakm" | ||
name: "Chakma" | ||
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family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Chakma (Ojhapath, Ojhopath, Ajhapath, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (170,000 users). Used in Bangladesh and India for the Chakma language, and for Tanchangya in Bangladesh. Brahmic script related to Mon Khmer and Myanmar. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Cans" | ||
name: "Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics" | ||
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family: "American" | ||
summary: "Canadian Aboriginal syllabics is a family of American abugidas, written left-to-right (0.5 million users). Used for Cree languages, for Inuktitut (co-official with the Latin script in the territory of Nunavut), for Ojibwe, Blackfoot. Were also used for Dakelh (Carrier), Chipewyan, Slavey, Tłı̨chǫ (Dogrib) and Dane-zaa (Beaver). Created in 1840 by James Evans to write several indigenous Canadian languages. Primarily used in Canada, occasionally in the United States." |
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id: "Cari" | ||
name: "Carian" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Carian is a historical Middle Eastern alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used in 7th–1st centuries BCE in the Aegean region of today’s Turkey for the Carian language. Was also used in the Nile delta. Had 45 letters." |
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id: "Cham" | ||
name: "Cham" | ||
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family: "Southeast Asian" | ||
summary: "Cham (<span class=\'autonym\'>ꨀꨇꩉ ꨌꩌ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Vietnam and Cambodia for the Cham language (250,000 speakers). The majority of the Cambodian Cham people died during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s or were forced to use the Cambodian language. Brahmic script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Cher" | ||
name: "Cherokee" | ||
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family: "American" | ||
summary: "Cherokee (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᏣᎳᎩ</span>) is an American bicameral syllabary, written left-to-right. Used in the United States for the Cherokee language (12,000 speakers). Created in 1821 by Sequoyah (also known as George Guess), when it achieved instant popularity. By 1824 most Cherokee were literate in the script. Uses 85 letters." |
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id: "Chrs" | ||
name: "Chorasmian" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Chorasmian is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in the 2nd century BCE–9th century CE in the Khwarazm region of Central Asia for the now-extinct Chorasmian language, until the language switched to the Arabic script. Derived from Imperial Aramaic." |
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id: "Copt" | ||
name: "Coptic" | ||
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family: "European" | ||
summary: "Coptic is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right (0.4 million users). Since the 2nd century CE was used for the Coptic language, now the liturgical language of the Coptic church. Als used for Andaandi, Nobiin, Old Nubian and Mattokki. Derived from the Greek alphabet." |
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id: "Cprt" | ||
name: "Cypriot" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "European" | ||
summary: "Cypriot is a historical European syllabary, written right-to-left. Was used in the 11th–4th centuries BCE in Cyprus for the Greek language. Descended from the Linear A script, closely related to the Linear B script. Was primarily used for record keeping, not literature." |
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id: "Cyrl" | ||
name: "Cyrillic" | ||
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family: "European" | ||
summary: "Cyrillic is a bicameral alphabet originating in Europe, written left-to-right (250 million users). Used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia, including Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Tajik, Kyrgyz, Bashkort, Chechen, Chuvash, Avar, Dargwa, Kabardian, Karakalpak, Kumyk, Lezgi, Ossetic, Pontic, Yakut, Buriat and many others. Created in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessaloniki working in Bulgaria, after earlier creation of the Glagolitic script. Sometimes attributed to Clement of Ohrid, a student of Saint Cyril’s. Initially used for Old Church Slavonic. Reformed in 1708 by Russian tsar Peter the Great. Extended by the Soviet Union in the 20th century to write over 50 languages throughout Eastern Europe and Asia (some of those languages switched to Latin after 1991)." |
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id: "Deva" | ||
name: "Devanagari" | ||
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family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Devanagari (Negari, <span class=\'autonym\'>देवनागरी</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right with a headstroke (over 600 million users). Used in India and Nepal for over 120 languages like Indo-Aryan languages, including Hindi, Nepali, Marathi, Maithili, Awadhi, Newari and Bhojpuri, and for Sanskrit. 4th most widely used script in the world. Brahmic script created in the 1st century CE, the modern form developed in the 7th century. Has 14 vowels and 33 consonants. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Dogr" | ||
name: "Dogra" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Dogra (Dogri, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠬</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used for the Dogri language in Jammu and Kashmir in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Dsrt" | ||
name: "Deseret" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "American" | ||
summary: "Deseret (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻</span>) is a historical American bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used by members of the Church of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) in Utah for writing the English language. Developed in 1854 by George D. Watt as part of a planned phonemic English-language spelling reform. Abandoned around 1877." |
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id: "Dupl" | ||
name: "Duployan shorthand" | ||
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family: "American" | ||
summary: "Duployan shorthand (Sloan-Duployan shorthand, Duployan stenography) is an European alphabet, written left-to-right. Geometric stenography script created in 1860 by Father Émile Duployé for writing French, later expanded and adapted for writing English, Chinook Jargon and many others. Heavily cursive (connected), allows words to be written in a single stroke. Praised for simplicity and speed of writing. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Egyp" | ||
name: "Egyptian hieroglyphs" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "African" | ||
summary: "Egyptian hieroglyphs is a historical African logo-syllabary, written left-to-right. Were used about 3000 BCE–400 CE for writing the ancient Egyptian language. Combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood." |
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id: "Elba" | ||
name: "Elbasan" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "European" | ||
summary: "Elbasan is a historical European alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used by Albanian Christians in the mid-18th century. Known primarily from the Elbasan Gospel Manuscript. Since 1909 replaced by the Latin alphabet for Albanian." |
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id: "Elym" | ||
name: "Elymaic" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "Middle Eastern" | ||
summary: "Elymaic is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used around 250 BCE–500 CE in the ancient state of Elymais in the region southeast of the Tigris River in today’s Iran. Descended from Aramaic, poorly attested." |
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id: "Ethi" | ||
name: "Ethiopic" | ||
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family: "African" | ||
summary: "Ethiopic (Geʽez, <span class=\'autonym\'>ግዕዝ, ፊደል</span>) is an African abugida, written left-to-right (18 million users). Used for Ethiosemitic languages like Tigré, Amharic and Tigrinya and some Cushitic and Nilotic languages. Was used in the 1st–12th century CE in Ethiopia and Eritrea for the Geʽez language (now a liturgical language). Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Geok" | ||
name: "Georgian Khutsuri" | ||
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family: "European" | ||
summary: "Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri) is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Ecclesiastical writing system composed of two alphabets, historically used for writing the Georgian language." |
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id: "Geor" | ||
name: "Georgian" | ||
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family: "European" | ||
summary: "Georgian (<span class=\'autonym\'>ქართული</span>) is a European alphabet, written left-to-right (4.5 million users). Used for the Georgian language of Georgia, and other Kartvelian languages. Since 430 CE, the Georgian language used an inscriptional form (Asomtavruli), which evolved into a manuscript form (Nuskhuri). These are categorized as Khutsuri (ecclesiastical): Asomtavruli is uppercase, Nuskhuri is lowercase. Khutsuri is still used for liturgical purposes, but was replaced by a new case-less form (Mkhedruli) used for nearly all modern Georgian writing. In the 1950s, Akaki Shanidze attempted to add Asomtavruli as uppercase and use Mkhedruli for lowercase, but the effort did not succeed." |
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id: "Glag" | ||
name: "Glagolitic" | ||
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historical: true | ||
family: "European" | ||
summary: "Glagolitic (Glagolitsa, <span class=\'autonym\'>Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ</span>) is a historical European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Created around 863 CE, traditionally attributed to Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessaloniki working in Bulgaria. The oldest known Slavic alphabet. Was used throughout the Balkans in tandem with the later-created Cyrillic until the 13th century, after which time it was largely replaced by Cyrillic. In Croatia, Glagolitic continued to be used until the 19th century, particularly in the church. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Gong" | ||
name: "Gunjala Gondi" | ||
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family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Gunjala Gondi (Koytura Gunjala Lipi, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑵶𑶍𑶕𑶀𑵵𑶊 𑵶𑶓𑶕𑶂𑶋 𑵵𑶋𑶅𑶋</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in India’s northern Telangana, eastern Maharashtra, southeastern Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh regions for the Gondi language. Was used to write manuscripts dated ca. 1750 that were discovered 2006 in Gunjala, a Gond village in the Indian state of Telangana. Recently revived among the Gond population. Unrelated to the 1918-created Masaram Gondi. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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id: "Gonm" | ||
name: "Masaram Gondi" | ||
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family: "Indic" | ||
summary: "Masaram Gondi is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Created 1918 by Munshi Mangal Singh Masaram. Brahmic script, not widely used. Unrelated to the historic Gunjala Gondi. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)." |
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