runtime: improve heapBitsSetType documentation

Currently the heapBitsSetType documentation says that there are no
races on the heap bitmap, but that isn't exactly true. There are no
*write-write* races, but there are read-write races. Expand the
documentation to explain this and why it's okay.

Change-Id: Ibd92b69bcd6524a40a9dd4ec82422b50831071ed
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/23092
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <[email protected]>

src/runtime/mbitmap.go

@@ -847,10 +847,20 @@ func (s *mspan) countFree() int {
 // malloc does not call heapBitsSetType when there are no pointers,
 // because all free objects are marked as noscan during
 // heapBitsSweepSpan.
+//
 // There can only be one allocation from a given span active at a time,
-// so this code is not racing with other instances of itself, and
-// the bitmap for a span always falls on byte boundaries.
-// Hence, it can access the bitmap with racing.
+// and the bitmap for a span always falls on byte boundaries,
+// so there are no write-write races for access to the heap bitmap.
+// Hence, heapBitsSetType can access the bitmap without atomics.
+//
+// There can be read-write races between heapBitsSetType and things
+// that read the heap bitmap like scanobject. However, since
+// heapBitsSetType is only used for objects that have not yet been
+// made reachable, readers will ignore bits being modified by this
+// function. This does mean this function cannot transiently modify
+// bits that belong to neighboring objects. Also, on weakly-ordered
+// machines, callers must execute a store/store (publication) barrier
+// between calling this function and making the object reachable.
 //
 // TODO: This still has atomic accesses left over from when it could
 // race with GC accessing mark bits in the bitmap. Remove these.