Update Python code style guidelines regarding usage of ruff

[Chubercik]

• Depends on Replace black formatter with ruff godot#90457.
• This PR replaces all mentions of black formatter (which is being replaced by the PR mentioned above) with ruff.
• The contributing/development/code_style_guidelines.rst file seems to be out of date regarding removal of hand-written pre-commit hooks introduced by Replace hand-written pre-commit hooks with pre-commit Python tool godot#88866 - I borrowed a few relevant changes from Add new documentation about the pre-commit hook #9094 in the hopes that future merge conflicts aren't too painful.

[AThousandShips]

Marking as a draft until the main PR is merged, if it is

[Chubercik]

Should be good to go 📚

[skyace65]

Thanks! And congrats on your first merged Docs PR!