[7.x] URI parts ingest processor

[danhermann]

Adds a new uri_parts processor that decomposes a URI into its constituent parts. E.g.:

POST _ingest/pipeline/_simulate?verbose
{
  "pipeline": {
    "processors": [
      {
        "url_parts": {
          "field": "uri_field",
          "target_field": "url",
          "keep_original": true,
          "remove_if_successful": true
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "docs": [
    {
      "_source": {
        "uri_field": "http://user:[email protected]:80/blarg.gif#ref"
      }
    }
  ]
}

results in:

"processor_type" : "uri_parts",
"status" : "success",
"doc" : {
  "_index" : "_index",
  "_id" : "_id",
  "_source" : {
    "url" : {
      "path" : "/blarg.gif",
      "fragment" : "ref",
      "extension" : "gif",
      "password" : "pw",
      "original" : "http://user:[email protected]:80/blarg.gif#ref",
      "scheme" : "http",
      "port" : 80,
      "user_info" : "user:pw",
      "domain" : "www.google.com",
      "username" : "user"
    }
  }

The processor relies on the java.net.URI class to parse the URI and attempts to map the parts into ECS fields. Some ECS fields are not part of the URI spec, so see the table below for how those are handled:

URL Parts Processor	ECS	java.net.URI	Comments
domain	url.domain	getHost()
extension	url.extension		This is not part of the URI spec and is manually parsed out of the path element on a best-effort basis if a . exists in the path
fragment	url.fragment	getFragment()
	url.full
original	url.original		The processor includes an option to retain the original URL
password	url.password		The URI spec defines an "authority" field but does not define either username or password though they are commonly presented with the username:password convention. The username and password fields are parsed out of the user_info field on a best-effort basis if a : exists.
path	url.path	getPath()
port	url.port	getPort()
query	url.query	getQuery()
	url.registered_domain
scheme	url.scheme	getProtocol()
	url.top_level_domain
username	url.username		See comment on password above
user_info		getUserInfo()	Corresponds to the "authority" field of the URI spec without the domain

Also introduces a new module for ingest processors.

Closes #57481

Backport of #65150

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-core-features (Team:Core/Features)