Fix roundUp parsing with composite patterns backport#43080

[pgomulka]

roundUp parsers were losing the composite pattern information when new
JavaDateFormatter was created from methods withLocale or withZone.

The roundUp parser should be preserved when calling these methods. This is the same approach in withLocale/Zone methods as in https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/blob/daa2ec8a605d385a65b9ab3e89d016b3fd0dffe2/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/time/JavaDateFormatter.java

closes #42835
backport#43080

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[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-core-infra