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[DOCS] Adds PKI realm configuration details (#30225)
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x-pack/docs/en/security/authentication/configuring-pki-realm.asciidoc
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| [role="xpack"] | ||
| [[configuring-pki-realm]] | ||
| === Configuring a PKI realm | ||
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| You can configure {security} to use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) certificates | ||
| to authenticate users in {es}. This requires clients to present X.509 | ||
| certificates. | ||
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| NOTE: You cannot use PKI certificates to authenticate users in {kib}. | ||
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| To use PKI in {es}, you configure a PKI realm, enable client authentication on | ||
| the desired network layers (transport or http), and map the Distinguished Names | ||
| (DNs) from the user certificates to {security} roles in the role mapping file. | ||
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| You can also use a combination of PKI and username/password authentication. For | ||
| example, you can enable SSL/TLS on the transport layer and define a PKI realm to | ||
| require transport clients to authenticate with X.509 certificates, while still | ||
| authenticating HTTP traffic using username and password credentials. You can | ||
| also set `xpack.security.transport.ssl.client_authentication` to `optional` to | ||
| allow clients without certificates to authenticate with other credentials. | ||
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| IMPORTANT: You must enable SSL/TLS and enable client authentication to use PKI. | ||
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| For more information, see {xpack-ref}/pki-realm.html[PKI User Authentication]. | ||
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| . Add a realm configuration of type `pki` to `elasticsearch.yml` under the | ||
| `xpack.security.authc.realms` namespace. At a minimum, you must set the realm | ||
| `type` to `pki`. If you are configuring multiple realms, you should also | ||
| explicitly set the `order` attribute. See <<ref-pki-settings>> for all of the | ||
| options you can set for a `pki` realm. | ||
| + | ||
| -- | ||
| For example, the following snippet shows the most basic `pki` realm configuration: | ||
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| [source, yaml] | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| xpack: | ||
| security: | ||
| authc: | ||
| realms: | ||
| pki1: | ||
| type: pki | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
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| With this configuration, any certificate trusted by the SSL/TLS layer is accepted | ||
| for authentication. The username is the common name (CN) extracted from the DN | ||
| of the certificate. | ||
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| IMPORTANT: When you configure realms in `elasticsearch.yml`, only the | ||
| realms you specify are used for authentication. If you also want to use the | ||
| `native` or `file` realms, you must include them in the realm chain. | ||
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| If you want to use something other than the CN of the DN as the username, you | ||
| can specify a regex to extract the desired username. For example, the regex in | ||
| the following configuration extracts the email address from the DN: | ||
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| [source, yaml] | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| xpack: | ||
| security: | ||
| authc: | ||
| realms: | ||
| pki1: | ||
| type: pki | ||
| username_pattern: "EMAILADDRESS=(.*?)(?:,|$)" | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| -- | ||
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| . Restart {es}. | ||
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| . <<configuring-tls,Enable SSL/TLS>>. | ||
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| . Enable client authentication on the desired network layers (transport or http). | ||
| + | ||
| -- | ||
| //TBD: This step might need to be split into a separate topic with additional details | ||
| //about setting up client authentication. | ||
| The PKI realm relies on the TLS settings of the node's network interface. The | ||
| realm can be configured to be more restrictive than the underlying network | ||
| connection - that is, it is possible to configure the node such that some | ||
| connections are accepted by the network interface but then fail to be | ||
| authenticated by the PKI realm. However, the reverse is not possible. The PKI | ||
| realm cannot authenticate a connection that has been refused by the network | ||
| interface. | ||
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| In particular this means: | ||
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| * The transport or http interface must request client certificates by setting | ||
| `client_authentication` to `optional` or `required`. | ||
| * The interface must _trust_ the certificate that is presented by the client | ||
| by configuring either the `truststore` or `certificate_authorities` paths, | ||
| or by setting `verification_mode` to `none`. See | ||
| <<ssl-tls-settings,`xpack.ssl.verification_mode`>> for an explanation of this | ||
| setting. | ||
| * The _protocols_ supported by the interface must be compatible with those | ||
| used by the client. | ||
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| The relevant network interface (transport or http) must be configured to trust | ||
| any certificate that is to be used within the PKI realm. However, it possible to | ||
| configure the PKI realm to trust only a _subset_ of the certificates accepted | ||
| by the network interface. This is useful when the SSL/TLS layer trusts clients | ||
| with certificates that are signed by a different CA than the one that signs your | ||
| users' certificates. | ||
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| To configure the PKI realm with its own truststore, specify the `truststore.path` | ||
| option. For example: | ||
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| [source, yaml] | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| xpack: | ||
| security: | ||
| authc: | ||
| realms: | ||
| pki1: | ||
| type: pki | ||
| truststore: | ||
| path: "/path/to/pki_truststore.jks" | ||
| password: "x-pack-test-password" | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
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| The `certificate_authorities` option can be used as an alternative to the | ||
| `truststore.path` setting. | ||
| -- | ||
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| . Map roles for PKI users. | ||
| + | ||
| -- | ||
| You map roles for PKI users through the | ||
| <<security-api-role-mapping,role-mapping API>> or by using a file stored on | ||
| each node. When a user authenticates against a PKI realm, the privileges for | ||
| that user are the union of all privileges defined by the roles to which the | ||
| user is mapped. | ||
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| You identify a user by the distinguished name in their certificate. | ||
| For example, the following mapping configuration maps `John Doe` to the | ||
| `user` role: | ||
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| Using the role-mapping API: | ||
| [source,js] | ||
| -------------------------------------------------- | ||
| PUT _xpack/security/role_mapping/users | ||
| { | ||
| "roles" : [ "user" ], | ||
| "rules" : { "field" : { | ||
| "dn" : "cn=John Doe,ou=example,o=com" <1> | ||
| } }, | ||
| "enabled": true | ||
| } | ||
| -------------------------------------------------- | ||
| // CONSOLE | ||
| <1> The distinguished name (DN) of a PKI user. | ||
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| Or, alternatively, configured in a role-mapping file: | ||
| [source, yaml] | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| user: <1> | ||
| - "cn=John Doe,ou=example,o=com" <2> | ||
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ||
| <1> The name of a role. | ||
| <2> The distinguished name (DN) of a PKI user. | ||
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| The disinguished name for a PKI user follows X.500 naming conventions which | ||
| place the most specific fields (like `cn` or `uid`) at the beginning of the | ||
| name, and the most general fields (like `o` or `dc`) at the end of the name. | ||
| Some tools, such as _openssl_, may print out the subject name in a different | ||
| format. | ||
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| One way that you can determine the correct DN for a certificate is to use the | ||
| <<security-api-authenticate,authenticate API>> (use the relevant PKI | ||
| certificate as the means of authentication) and inspect the metadata field in | ||
| the result. The user's distinguished name will be populated under the `pki_dn` | ||
| key. You can also use the authenticate API to validate your role mapping. | ||
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| For more information, see | ||
| {xpack-ref}/mapping-roles.html[Mapping Users and Groups to Roles]. | ||
| -- |
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