[7.17](backport #37123) [Automation] Bump Golang version to 1.20.11

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #37123 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of f04686c has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/7.17/pr-37123
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/7.17'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit f04686c188.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   .golangci.yml
	modified:   CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc
	modified:   auditbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   dev-tools/kubernetes/filebeat/Dockerfile.debug
	modified:   dev-tools/kubernetes/heartbeat/Dockerfile.debug
	modified:   dev-tools/kubernetes/metricbeat/Dockerfile.debug
	modified:   heartbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/module/http/_meta/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/module/nats/_meta/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/module/vsphere/_meta/Dockerfile
	modified:   packetbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   x-pack/functionbeat/Dockerfile

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   .go-version
	both modified:   libbeat/docs/version.asciidoc
	both modified:   x-pack/metricbeat/module/stan/_meta/Dockerfile

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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[elasticmachine]

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• Start Time: 2023-11-15T19:30:41.866+0000

• Duration: 170 min 48 sec

Test stats 🧪

Test	Results
Failed	0
Passed	22161
Skipped	1402
Total	23563

💚 Flaky test report

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[gizas]

Should the image version remain empty? does not seem right?

[pierrehilbert]

@gizas this was because of the files generation.
Do you know why the make command is generated them without a version?

[cmacknz]

This happened in the 8.11 backport too, but didn't happen on main.

[pierrehilbert]

/test