[7.13][DOCS] Fix hard-coded mapping type doc link

[dedemorton]

Summary

Backports #33319 and adds other link fixes.

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/obs-docs (Team:Docs)

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[elasticmachine]

💔 Build Failed

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Build stats

• Start Time: 2022-11-01T19:26:04.859+0000

• Duration: 7 min 48 sec

Steps errors

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Installing github.com/elastic/go-licenser

• Took 0 min 1 sec . View more details here
• Description: go get -u github.com/elastic/go-licenser

Installing github.com/elastic/go-licenser

• Took 0 min 0 sec . View more details here
• Description: go get -u github.com/elastic/go-licenser

Installing github.com/elastic/go-licenser

• Took 0 min 0 sec . View more details here
• Description: go get -u github.com/elastic/go-licenser

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