chore: Update Dockerfile

[filzrev]

This PR update Dockerfile

What's changed

1. Update base OS image version.
2. Update docfx version to 2.78.1
3. Remove apt-get update command. And use apt-get install with --update option instead (that is added on Ubuntu 24)
4. Change library dependencies installation to use --with-deps options.
5. Remove temporary symbolic link steps. (Currently .playwright directory is placed under bin)

Test
I've confirmed docker image successfully build.
And docfx pdf command is works as expected with following steps.

docker build ./ -t docfx

docker run -it --rm --entrypoint /bin/bash docfx
docfx init --yes
docfx build
docfx pdf

[yufeih]

Thank you @filzrev