Point CI testing to dev versions of internal dependencies

[mikealfare]

Problem

There appears to be a missing dependency on the DBT_INVOCATION_CONTEXT_VAR context variable.

Solution

All testing dependencies should point to main to ensure that the latest changes are reflected.

• Move all optional dependencies into hatch environments
  • They aren't production dependencies
  • We can't install from GitHub in optional dependencies and also publish to PyPI
• Make the default environment the dev version of all production dependencies
• Inherit from the default environment for non-detached hatch environments (typechecking and testing)
• Remove integration test hatch environment since there are no integration tests
• Pin lower bound for dependencies in alignment with our practices

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have run this code in development and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required/relevant for this PR
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g. macros, cli, logs, json artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX

[github-actions]

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