Add crash handler on Windows

[HertzDevil]

Catches access violations and stack overflows using a vectored exception handler. This does not require a C shim.

Since the handler runs on the current thread without stack unwinding, we cannot print the backtrace on the same thread in the case of stack overflow. This PR creates a new thread directly through Win32, suspends the current thread, prints the backtrace on the new one, and then immediately terminates. This is probably fine since the program is dying anyway.

Windows structured exceptions share some aspects with POSIX signals. This PR does not attempt to reconcile the two concepts in the standard library (see also #7339); it only picks these particular hardware exceptions because they are equivalent to SIGSEGV and provide useful feedback when dealing with unsafe code. Note that the two exceptions have distinct error codes, so things like #7482 shouldn't happen on Windows.

Example output:

> type test.cr
def foo(count)
  if count == 0
    x = Pointer(Int32).new(0x1234)
    x.value = 1
  else
    foo(count - 1)
  end
end
foo(ARGV.shift.to_i)

> crystal test.cr 10
Invalid memory access (C0000005) at address 0x1234
[0x7ff6cbc80f8a] foo at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\test.cr:3
[0x7ff6cbc80fc5] foo at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\test.cr:6 (10 times)
[0x7ff6cbc71397] __crystal_main at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\test.cr:10
[0x7ff6cbd0c189] main_user_code at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\src\crystal\main.cr:110
[0x7ff6cbd0bfd8] main at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\src\crystal\main.cr:96
[0x7ff6cbc7fc19] main at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\src\crystal\main.cr:119
[0x7ff6cbd3aa14] __scrt_common_main_seh at d:\a01\_work\20\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl:288
[0x7fffff8a7034] BaseThreadInitThunk +20 in C:\WINDOWS\System32\KERNEL32.DLL
[0x7ff800cc2651] RtlUserThreadStart +33 in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll

> crystal test.cr 10000000
Stack overflow (e.g., infinite or very deep recursion)
[0x7ff79db90fc0] foo at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\test.cr:6
[0x7ff79db90fc5] foo at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\test.cr:6 (16087 times)
[0x7ff79db81397] __crystal_main at C:\Users\Quinton\crystal-win\test.cr:10
...

[HertzDevil]

Weird, the stack overflow spec works on my machine with the artifact... (the same spec even works on my fork's CI)

[beta-ziliani]

🚀 Thanks! 🙇