channel: Create list::Block directly on the heap (#1146)

The list channel's `Block::new` was causing a stack overflow because it
held 32 item slots, instantiated on the stack before moving to
`Box::new`. The 32x multiplier made modestly-large item sizes untenable.

That block is now initialized directly on the heap.

References from the `std` channel implementation:
* rust-lang/rust#102246
* rust-lang/rust#132738

crossbeam-channel/src/flavors/list.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Unbounded channel implemented as a linked list.
 
+use std::alloc::{alloc_zeroed, Layout};
 use std::boxed::Box;
 use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -50,11 +51,6 @@ struct Slot<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T> Slot<T> {
-    const UNINIT: Self = Self {
-        msg: UnsafeCell::new(MaybeUninit::uninit()),
-        state: AtomicUsize::new(0),
-    };
-
     /// Waits until a message is written into the slot.
     fn wait_write(&self) {
         let backoff = Backoff::new();
@@ -77,11 +73,16 @@ struct Block<T> {
 
 impl<T> Block<T> {
     /// Creates an empty block.
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            next: AtomicPtr::new(ptr::null_mut()),
-            slots: [Slot::UNINIT; BLOCK_CAP],
-        }
+    fn new() -> Box<Self> {
+        // SAFETY: This is safe because:
+        //  [1] `Block::next` (AtomicPtr) may be safely zero initialized.
+        //  [2] `Block::slots` (Array) may be safely zero initialized because of [3, 4].
+        //  [3] `Slot::msg` (UnsafeCell) may be safely zero initialized because it
+        //       holds a MaybeUninit.
+        //  [4] `Slot::state` (AtomicUsize) may be safely zero initialized.
+        // TODO: unsafe { Box::new_zeroed().assume_init() }
+        let layout = Layout::new::<Self>();
+        unsafe { Box::from_raw(alloc_zeroed(layout).cast()) }
     }
 
     /// Waits until the next pointer is set.
@@ -223,13 +224,13 @@ impl<T> Channel<T> {
             // If we're going to have to install the next block, allocate it in advance in order to
             // make the wait for other threads as short as possible.
             if offset + 1 == BLOCK_CAP && next_block.is_none() {
-                next_block = Some(Box::new(Block::<T>::new()));
+                next_block = Some(Block::<T>::new());
             }
 
             // If this is the first message to be sent into the channel, we need to allocate the
             // first block and install it.
             if block.is_null() {
-                let new = Box::into_raw(Box::new(Block::<T>::new()));
+                let new = Box::into_raw(Block::<T>::new());
 
                 if self
                     .tail

crossbeam-channel/tests/list.rs

@@ -580,3 +580,18 @@ fn channel_through_channel() {
     })
     .unwrap();
 }
+
+// If `Block` is created on the stack, the array of slots will multiply this `BigStruct` and
+// probably overflow the thread stack. It's now directly created on the heap to avoid this.
+#[test]
+fn stack_overflow() {
+    const N: usize = 32_768;
+    struct BigStruct {
+        _data: [u8; N],
+    }
+
+    let (sender, receiver) = unbounded::<BigStruct>();
+    sender.send(BigStruct { _data: [0u8; N] }).unwrap();
+
+    for _data in receiver.try_iter() {}
+}