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first_steps.md

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Server First 10 minutes for Ubuntu (Or all debian based Distros)

What to do after getting a server vps first time:

  1. Check OS, Kernel, Hardware Architecture, Uptime
    cat /etc/ubuntu-advantage/uclient.conf
    uname -a
    hostnamectl
    uptime
  1. Who else logged In?
   who
   who -Hu
   grep sh$ /etc/passwd
  1. Physical or Virtual Machine?
dmidecode -s system-manufacturer
dmidecode -s system-product-name
lshw -c system | grep product | head -1
cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name
cat /sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor
  1. Hardware Information
  • Check detailed information about CPU(s)
  cat /proc/cpuinfo
  • Check systems memory usage
 cat /proc/meminfo
  • Display all network interfaces
  ifconfig -a
  # OR
  ip addr
  • Display settings and status of a network interface
  ethtool eth0
  • List detailed hardware configuration
  lshw
  • Display info about PCI buses and devices
  lspci
  • All hardware info form system's DMI (desktop management interface)
 dmidecode
  1. Check all Installed softwares
dpkg -l                          # Lists all installed packages
dpkg -l | grep <pkgname>         # Checks if a specific package is installed
apt-cache policy <pkgname>       # Displays information about a package (version, installation candidate, etc.)
apt list --installed             # Lists all installed packages using apt
apt list --installed | grep <pkgname>  # Checks if a specific package is installed using apt
apt-cache show <pkgname>         # Shows detailed information about a package
apt-cache madison <pkgname>      # Displays versions available in repositories
sudo apt update                  # Updates the list of available packages and their versions
apt-cache policy                 # Shows configured repositories and priorities
sudo apt install <pkgname>       # Installs a package
ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list.d/   # Lists all additional repository configurations
  1. Running Processes & Service
  pstree -pa 1
  ps -ef
  ps auxf
  systemctl
  1. Check Network Connections
  netstat -tulpn # Display a list of open network connection - ports, process
  netstat -anp   # Detailed info about all network connection
  lsof -i        # List open network file
  ss		 # Display socket statistics and network connections
  ss -t # Display all TCP sockets
  ss -u # Display all UDP Sockets
  ss -l # All listening sockets
  ss -a # All Sockets
  ss -s # Summary statistics
  ss -p # Process using the socket
  ss -n # Show numerical addresses instead of hostman
  iptables -L -n # List all firewall rules with IP address & port number
  cat /etc/resolv.conf # List info about DNS config of system
  1. Kernel Information
  cat /boot/grub/grub.conf   # Displays the grub config file
  sysctl -a                  # Display all kernel parameter
  lsmod                      # Display status of modules currently loaded
  modinf <module>            # Display detailed information about a module
  uname -r                   # Display current kernel version
  cat /proc/cmdline          # Display all parameters passed to kernle at boot time
  1. Logs
  journalctl               # Display logs collected by systemd-journald
  tail -f /var/log/syslog  # Monitor and display latest log entries
  demsg                    # Shows kernel's ring buffer messages

References