backport-19.1: storage: fix and test a bogus source of replica divergence errors #37722
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Backport 3/5 commits from #37668.
/cc @cockroachdb/release
An incompatibility in the consistency checks was introduced between v2.1 and v19.1.
See individual commit messages and #37425 for details.
Release note (bug fix): Fixed a potential source of (faux) replica
inconsistencies that can be reported while running a mixed v19.1 / v2.1
cluster. This error (in that situation only) is benign and can be
resolved by upgrading to the latest v19.1 patch release. Every time this
error occurs a "checkpoint" is created which will occupy a large amount
of disk space and which needs to be removed manually (see /auxiliary/checkpoints).
Release note (bug fix): Fixed a case in which
./cockroach quit
wouldreturn success even though the server process was still running in a
severely degraded state.