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[Magic WAN] update Azure instructions
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This updates the Azure instructions to:
- use the Active/Active configuration on the Azure Virtual Gateway
- use bidirectional health checks with a custom target equal to the Customer endpoint

These changes are unlocked by the completion of RM-19633.   (The work is done, and shipped, even if the RM is not yet closed)
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mtovino-cloudflare committed Jan 16, 2025
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Expand Up @@ -5,15 +5,11 @@ title: Microsoft Azure

This tutorial provides information on how to connect Cloudflare Magic WAN to your Azure Virtual Network, using the Azure Virtual Network Gateway.

:::note
This configuration guide applies to Azure Virtual Network Gateway in an Active/Standby configuration. Active/Active configuration is not currently supported.
:::

## Prerequisites

You will need to have an existing Resource group, Virtual Network, and Virtual Machine created in your Azure account. Refer to [Microsoft's documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/) to learn more on how to create these.

## Configure Azure
## Configure Azure Virtual Network Gateway

### 1. Create a Gateway subnet

Expand All @@ -32,6 +28,20 @@ The Virtual Network Gateway is used to form the tunnel to the devices on your pr
This configuration guide applies to Azure Virtual Network Gateway which includes the functionality found in the Azure VPN Gateway.
:::

:::note
Active/Active and Active/Standby configurations are both supported. Two Azure public IP addresses, and two Magic WAN IPsec tunnels, are required for the Active/Active configuration.
:::

#### Active/Active connfiguration

1. Create a Virtual Network Gateway.
2. Create two new public IP addresses or use existing IPs. Take note of the public IP addresses assigned to the Virtual Network Gateway as these will be the **Customer endpoint** for Magic WAN's IPsec tunnels configuration.
3. Navigate to the Virtual Network Gateway created earier.
4. In **Configuration**, enable **Active-active mode** and disable **Gateway Private IPs**.
5. Select **Create**.

#### Active/Standby connfiguration

1. Create a Virtual Network Gateway.
2. Create a new public IP address or use an existing IP. Take note of the public IP address assigned to the Virtual Network Gateway as this will be the **Customer endpoint** for Magic WAN's IPsec tunnels configuration.
3. Select the resource group and VNET you have already created.
Expand All @@ -42,7 +52,33 @@ This configuration guide applies to Azure Virtual Network Gateway which includes
The time it takes for Azure to fully provision the Virtual Network Gateway depends on the deployment region.
:::

### 3. Create a Local Network Gateway
## Configure Magic WAN

1. Create an [IPsec tunnel](/magic-wan/configuration/manually/how-to/configure-tunnels/#add-tunnels) in the Cloudflare dashboard.
2. Make sure you have the following settings:
1. **Interface address**: As the Azure Local Network Gateway will only permit specifying the lower IP address in a `/31` subnet, add the upper IP address within the `/31` subnet selected in [step 4 of the Configure Azure section](#4-configure-local-network-gateway-for-magic-ipsec-tunnel-health-checks). Refer to [Tunnel endpoints](/magic-wan/configuration/manually/how-to/configure-tunnels/) for more details.
2. **Customer endpoint**: The Public IP associated with your Azure Virtual Network Gateway. For example, `40.xxx.xxx.xxx`.
3. **Cloudflare endpoint**: Use the Cloudflare anycast address you have received from your account team. This will also be the IP address corresponding to the Local Network Gateway in Azure. For example, `162.xxx.xxx.xxx`.
4. **Health check rate**: Leave the default option (Medium) selected.
5. **Health check type**: Leave the default option (Reply) selected.
6. **Health check direction**: Leave default option (Bidirectional) selected.
7. **Health check target**: Select **Custom**.
8. **Target address**: Enter the same address that is used in the **Customer endpoint** field.
9. **Add pre-shared key later**: Select this option to create a PSK that will be used later in Azure.
10. **Replay protection**: **Enable**.
3. If using the Active/Active configuration, click **+ Add IPsec tunnel** and repeat step 2 to create the secoind Magic WAN IPsec tunnel. Use the same **Cloudflare endpoint** as for the first tunnel.
4. **Add Tunnels**
5. Edit the tunnel(s); **Generate a new pre-shared key** amd copy the generated key. If using the Active/Active configuration, **Change to a new custom pre-shared key
** on the second tunnel and use the PSK generated for the first tunnel.
6. Create static routes for your Azure Virtual Network subnets, specifying the newly created tunnel as the next hop.

:::note
Both tunnels in an Active/Active configuration must use the same **Cloudflare endpoint**, because an Active/Active Azure VPN connection creates two tunnels to the same remote address.
:::

## Complete the Azure Configuration

### 1. Create a Local Network Gateway

The Local Network Gateway typically refers to your on-premises location. In this case, the Local Network Gateway represents the Cloudflare side of the connection.

Expand All @@ -53,7 +89,11 @@ We recommend creating a Local Network Gateway for your Cloudflare IPsec tunnel.
3. In **Address space(s)**, specify the address range of any subnets you wish to access remotely through the Magic WAN connection. For example, if you want to reach a network with an IP range of `192.168.1.0/24`, and this network is connected to your Magic WAN tenant, you would add `192.168.1.0/24` to the local network gateway address space.
4. Go to the **Advanced** tab > **BGP settings**, and make sure you select **No**.

### 4. Configure Local Network Gateway for Magic IPsec tunnel health checks
:::note
A single Cloudflare anycast address must be used in both Active/Active and Active/Standby configurations.
:::

### 2. Configure Local Network Gateway for Magic IPsec tunnel health checks

Magic WAN uses [Tunnel Health Checks](/magic-wan/reference/tunnel-health-checks/) to ensure the tunnel is available.

Expand All @@ -62,14 +102,14 @@ Tunnel health checks make use of ICMP probes sent from the Cloudflare side of th
There is an important distinction between how to configure Cloudflare and Azure to support the health checks:

- Magic IPsec Tunnel configuration settings requires specifying a discrete IP address (`/31` netmask recommended)
- Azure Local Network Gateway settings require specifying a subnet (in CIDR notation)
- Azure Local Network Gateway settings require specifying the Cloudflare Magic WAN Interface Addresss in CIDR notation using a `/32` netmask

Cloudflare recommends customers select a unique `/31` subnet ([RFC 1918 - Address Allocation for Private Internets](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1918)) for each IPsec tunnel which is treated as a Point-to-Point Link and provides the ideal addressing scheme to satisfy both requirements.

Example:

```txt
10.252.3.54/31 - Define as the subnet (in CIDR notation) in Azure Local Network Gateway in the Azure Portal.
10.252.3.55/32 - Define as the subnet (in CIDR notation) in Azure Local Network Gateway in the Azure Portal.
10.252.3.55/31 - Define as the discrete IP Address assigned to the Interface Address (VTI - Virtual Tunnel Interface) of the Magic IPsec Tunnel in the Cloudflare Dashboard (see Configure Magic WAN below).
```

Expand All @@ -85,10 +125,15 @@ To configure the Address Space for the Local Network Gateway to support Tunnel H

1. Edit the Local Network Gateway configured in the previous section.
2. Select **Connections**.
3. Add the`/31` subnet in CIDR notation (for example, `10.252.3.54/31`) under **Address Space(s)**.
3. Add the Interface Address of the Magic IPsec Tunnel from the Cloudflare Dashboard in CIDR notation (for example, `10.252.3.55/32`) under **Address Space(s)**.
4. If using an Active/Active configuration, add the Interface Address of the second Magic IPsec Tunnel from the Cloudflare Dashboard in CIDR notation (for example, `10.252.3.55/32`) under **Address Space(s)**.
4. Select **Save**.

### 5. Create an IPsec VPN Connection
:::note
The Magic IPsec Tunnel Interface Address should be entered as a `/31` in the Cloudflare Dashboard, but as a `/32` when configuring the Local Network Gateway Address Space(s) in the Azure portal.
:::

### 3. Create an IPsec VPN Connection

Choose the following settings when creating your VPN Connection:

Expand All @@ -100,13 +145,13 @@ Choose the following settings when creating your VPN Connection:
1. **IKE Phase 1**
1. **Encryption**: _GCMAES256_ or _AES256_
2. **Integrity/PRF**: _SHA256_
3. **DH Group**: _DHGroup20_
3. **DH Group**: _DHGroup14_
2. **IKE Phase 2(IPsec)**
1. **IPsec Encryption**: _GCMAES256_ or _AES256_
2. **IPsec Integrity**: _SHA256_
3. **PFS Group**: _PFS2048_
3. **IPsec SA lifetime in KiloBytes**: `0`
4. **IPsec SA lifetime in seconds**: `28800`
4. **IPsec SA lifetime in seconds**: `27000`
5. **Use policy based traffic selector**: **Disable**
6. **DPD timeout in seconds**: `45`
7. **Connection mode**: **Default**
Expand All @@ -115,7 +160,7 @@ Choose the following settings when creating your VPN Connection:

Repeat this process to define the settings for the Connection to the Local Network Gateway that corresponds to the redundant Cloudflare anycast IP address.

### 6. Route all Internet traffic through Magic WAN and Cloudflare Gateway
### 4. Route all Internet traffic through Magic WAN and Cloudflare Gateway

Cloudflare Zero Trust customers can route Internet-bound traffic through Magic WAN to the Internet through Cloudflare Gateway.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -156,20 +201,6 @@ curl https://ipinfo.io
ICMP (ping/traceroute) will work to remote Magic WAN sites, but is not forwarded to the Internet. Please ensure you validate connectivity via HTTP.
:::

## Configure Magic WAN

1. Create an [IPsec tunnel](/magic-wan/configuration/manually/how-to/configure-tunnels/#add-tunnels) in the Cloudflare dashboard.
2. Make sure you have the following settings:
1. **Interface address**: As the Azure Local Network Gateway will only permit specifying the lower IP address in a `/31` subnet, add the upper IP address within the `/31` subnet selected in [step 4 of the Configure Azure section](#4-configure-local-network-gateway-for-magic-ipsec-tunnel-health-checks). Refer to [Tunnel endpoints](/magic-wan/configuration/manually/how-to/configure-tunnels/) for more details.
2. **Customer endpoint**: The Public IP associated with your Azure Virtual Network Gateway. For example, `40.xxx.xxx.xxx`.
3. **Cloudflare endpoint**: Use the Cloudflare anycast address you have received from your account team. This will also be the IP address corresponding to the Local Network Gateway in Azure. For example, `162.xxx.xxx.xxx`.
4. **Health check rate**: Leave the default option (Medium) selected.
5. **Health check type**: Leave the default option (Reply) selected.
6. **Health check direction**: Leave default option.
7. **Add pre-shared key later**: Select this option to create a PSK that will be used later in Azure.
8. **Replay protection**: **Enable**.
3. Create static routes for your Azure Virtual Network subnets, specifying the newly created tunnel as the next hop.

## Validate connectivity and disable Azure Virtual Network Gateway anti-replay protection

Once you have determined that connectivity has been established, Cloudflare recommends you disable anti-replay protection for the Azure Virtual Network Gateway site-to-site VPN connection. This can be accomplished through Microsoft Azure API.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -354,21 +385,3 @@ curl --location --request PUT \
```

6. Leave the replay protection setting checked in the Cloudflare dashboard, and wait several minutes before validating connectivity again.

## Tunnel health checks and Azure

We have identified cases where the IPsec Tunnels configured on the Azure Virtual Network Gateway need to be restarted one time before the tunnel health checks start passing.

### Restart Azure tunnels

1. Open the Virtual Network Gateway.
2. Go to **Settings** > **Connections**.
3. Open the properties of the tunnel.
4. Go to **Help** > **Reset**.
5. Select **Reset**.

It may take several minutes for the tunnels to reset from the Azure side. Monitor the [tunnel health checks section](/magic-wan/configuration/common-settings/check-tunnel-health-dashboard/) in the Cloudflare dashboard to determine the status.

:::note
Tunnel Health Check percentages are calculated over a one hour period.
:::

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