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PLATOPS-167: Send AlertManager notifications to ES
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Add a new service, `alertmanager2es`, which receives [HTTP webhook
notifications][] from [AlertManager][] and inserts them into an
[Elasticsearch][] index for searching and analysis.

Notifications are received on the `/webhook` endpoint.

Prometheus metrics are exposed on `/metrics`.

Note that this service will not capture silenced or inhibited alerts
currently.

I used a custom type for `groupKey` so that the `groupKey` field can be
marshalled into JSON as a string, since Elasticsearch does not currently
support unsigned integers:

elastic/elasticsearch#13951

I tested extensively to try to map the integer to a string using
Elasticsearch's mappings, which I succeeded in doing, however Kibana
then failed to display the documents because Elasticsearch's
highlighting could not handle the unsigned integer stored in `_source`:

    RemoteTransportException[[Eternal Brain][172.17.0.2:9300][indices:data/read/search[phase/query+fetch]]]; nested: FetchPhaseExecutionException[Fetch Failed [Failed to highlight field [alerts.labels.decoded_pem_md5]]]; nested: IllegalStateException[No matching token for number_type [BIG_INTEGER]];
    Caused by: FetchPhaseExecutionException[Fetch Failed [Failed to highlight field [alerts.labels.decoded_pem_md5]]]; nested: IllegalStateException[No matching token for number_type [BIG_INTEGER]];
            at org.elasticsearch.search.highlight.PlainHighlighter.highlight(PlainHighlighter.java:123)
            at org.elasticsearch.search.highlight.HighlightPhase.hitExecute(HighlightPhase.java:140)
            at org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.FetchPhase.execute(FetchPhase.java:188)
            at org.elasticsearch.search.SearchService.executeFetchPhase(SearchService.java:490)
            at org.elasticsearch.search.action.SearchServiceTransportAction$SearchQueryFetchTransportHandler.messageReceived(SearchServiceTransportAction.java:392)
            at org.elasticsearch.search.action.SearchServiceTransportAction$SearchQueryFetchTransportHandler.messageReceived(SearchServiceTransportAction.java:389)
            at org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportRequestHandler.messageReceived(TransportRequestHandler.java:33)
            at org.elasticsearch.transport.RequestHandlerRegistry.processMessageReceived(RequestHandlerRegistry.java:77)
            at org.elasticsearch.transport.TransportService$4.doRun(TransportService.java:376)
            at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.AbstractRunnable.run(AbstractRunnable.java:37)
            at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
            at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
            at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

The dependencies for this code are vendored using gvt.

[AlertManager]: https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager
[Elasticsearch]: https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
[HTTP webhook]: https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/configuration/#webhook-receiver-<webhook_config>
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13 changes: 13 additions & 0 deletions CONTRIBUTING.md
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# Contributing to alertmanager2es

Contributions are welcomed.

## Getting started

To download, run:

go get -u github.com/cloudflare/alertmanager2es

To run the tests:

make test
201 changes: 201 additions & 0 deletions LICENSE
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7 changes: 7 additions & 0 deletions Makefile
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.PHONY: build test

build: test
go build -ldflags "-X main.revision=$(git describe --tags --always --dirty='-dev')"

test:
go test $(go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/)
175 changes: 175 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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# alertmanager2es

alertmanager2es receives [HTTP webhook][] notifications from [AlertManager][]
and inserts them into an [Elasticsearch][] index for searching and analysis. It
runs as a daemon.

The alerts are stored in Elasticsearch as [alert groups][].

[alert groups]: https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/alertmanager/#grouping
[AlertManager]: https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager
[Elasticsearch]: https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
[HTTP webhook]: https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/configuration/#webhook-receiver-<webhook_config>

## Rationale

It can be useful to see which alerts fired over a given time period, and
perform historical analysis of when and where alerts fired. Having this data
can help:

- tune alerting rules
- understand the impact of an incident
- understand which alerts fired during an incident

It might have been possible to configure Alertmanager to send the alert groups
to Elasticsearch directly, if not for the fact that [Elasticsearch][] [does not
support unsigned integers][] at the time of writing. Alertmanager uses an
unsigned integer for the `groupKey` field, which alertmanager2es converts to a
string.

[does not support unsigned integers]: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/13951

## Limitations

- alertmanager2es will not capture [silenced][] or [inhibited][] alerts; the alert
notifications stored in Elasticsearch will closely resemble the notifications
received by a human.

[silenced]: https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/alertmanager/#silences
[inhibited]: https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/alertmanager/#inhibition

- Kibana does not display arrays of objects well (the alert groupings use an
array), so you may find some irregularities when exploring the alert data in
Kibana. We have not found this to be a significant limitation, and it is
possible to query alert labels stored within the array.

## Prerequisites

To use alertmanager2es, you'll need:

- an [Elasticsearch][] cluster
- [Alertmanager][]

To build alertmanager2es, you'll need:

- [Make][]
- [Go][] 1.7 or above
- a working [GOPATH][]

[Make]: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/
[Go]: https://golang.org/dl/
[GOPATH]: https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-GOPATH_environment_variable

## Building

go get -u github.com/cloudflare/alertmanager2es
make

## Configuration

### alertmanager2es usage

alertmanager2es is configured using commandline flags. It is assumed that
alertmanager2es has unrestricted access to your Elasticsearch cluster.

alertmanager2es does not perform any user authentication.

Run `./alertmanager2es -help` to view the configurable commandline flags.

### Example Alertmanager configuration

#### Receiver configuration

```yaml
- name: alertmanager2es
webhook_configs:
- url: https://alertmanager2es.example.com/webhook
```
#### Route configuration
By omitting a matcher, this route will match all alerts:
```yaml
- receiver: alertmanager2es
continue: true
```
### Example Elasticsearch template
Apply this Elasticsearch template before you configure alertmanager2es to start
sending data:
```json
{
"template": "alertmanager-2*",
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 1,
"number_of_replicas": 1,
"index.refresh_interval": "10s",
"index.query.default_field": "groupLabels.alertname"
},
"mappings": {
"_default_": {
"_all": {
"enabled": false
},
"properties": {
"@timestamp": {
"type": "date",
"doc_values": true
}
},
"dynamic_templates": [
{
"string_fields": {
"match": "*",
"match_mapping_type": "string",
"mapping": {
"type": "string",
"index": "not_analyzed",
"ignore_above": 1024,
"doc_values": true
}
}
}
]
}
}
}
```

We rotate our index once a month, since there's not enough data to warrant
daily rotation in our case. Therefore our index name looks like:

alertmanager-200601

We anchor the template name with `-2` to avoid inadvertently matching other
indices, e.g. `alertmanager-foo-200601`. This of course assumes that you will
no longer care to index your alerts in the year 3000.

## Failure modes

alertmanager2es will return a HTTP 500 (Internal Server Error) if it encounters
a non-2xx response from Elasticsearch. Therefore if Elasticsearch is down,
alertmanager2es will respond to Alertmanager with a HTTP 500. No retries are
made as Alertmanager has its own retry logic.

Both the HTTP server exposed by alertmanager2es and the HTTP client that
connects to Elasticsearch have read and write timeouts of 10 seconds.

## Metrics

alertmanager2es exposes [Prometheus][] metrics on `/metrics`.

[Prometheus]: https://prometheus.io/

## Example Elasticsearch queries

alerts.labels.alertname:"Disk_Likely_To_Fill_Next_4_Days"

## Contributions

Pull requests, comments and suggestions are welcome.

Please see CONTRIBUTING.md for more information.
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