Bump docker to version 12.1.6

[gurkanindibay]

This pull request includes updates to various Dockerfiles and configuration files to bump the Citus version to 12.1.6 and update the corresponding PostgreSQL versions. The most important changes include modifications to the Dockerfile, docker-compose.yml, and pkgvars files.

Version updates:

• Dockerfile: Updated to use postgres:16.6 and Citus version 12.1.6.
• alpine/Dockerfile: Updated to use postgres:16.6-alpine and Citus version 12.1.6.
• postgres-14/Dockerfile: Updated to use postgres:14.15 and Citus version 12.1.6.
• postgres-15/Dockerfile: Updated to use postgres:15.10 and Citus version 12.1.6.

Configuration updates:

• docker-compose.yml: Updated to use Citus version 12.1.6 for both master and worker services. [1] [2]
• pkgvars: Updated PostgreSQL versions to 16.5, 15.10, and 14.15.

[github-actions]

Hadolint: ``

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[github-actions]

Hadolint: ``

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[github-actions]

Hadolint: ``

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[github-actions]

Hadolint: ``

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[onurctirtir]

Feel free to review after addressing below comment

[github-actions]

Hadolint: ``

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