🚨 enable ruff's D code for docstrings

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR (finally) enables ruff's D code for pydocstyle lint rules.
Consequently, it fixes all the resulting warnings.
Additionally, it adds rules for favoring collections.abc over typing where appropriate.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.3%. Comparing base (043d484) to head (11913d9).
Report is 62 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #428     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   92.3%   92.3%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files         37      37             
  Lines       2720    2719      -1     
  Branches     304     304             
=======================================
- Hits        2512    2511      -1     
  Misses       208     208             

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	94.1% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 043d484
python	87.4% <100.0%> (-0.1%)	⬇️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/ddsim/__init__.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/deterministicnoisesimulator.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/header.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/hybridqasmsimulator.py	90.9% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/hybridstatevectorsimulator.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/job.py	59.3% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/pathqasmsimulator.py	51.3% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/pathstatevectorsimulator.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/primitives/estimator.py	93.2% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/ddsim/primitives/sampler.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
... and 6 more