miniscript: add a scaffold of parsing wsh(<miniscript>) policies

We add a policies.rs file with functions to parse and validate a
policy containing miniscript.

Policy specification: bitcoin/bips#1389

We only support `wsh(<miniscript>)` policies for now. Taproot or other
policy fragments could be added in the future.

More validation checks are coming in later commits, such as:
- At least one key must be ours
- No duplicate keys possible in the policy
- No duplicate keys in the keys list
- All keys in the keys list are used, and all key references (@0, ...)
are valid.
- ...?

Also coming in later commits:
- Derive a pkScript at a keypath, generate receive address from that
- Policy registration (very similar to how multisig registration works
today)
- Signing transactions

src/rust/bitbox02-rust/src/hww/api/bitcoin.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub mod common;
 pub mod keypath;
 mod multisig;
 pub mod params;
+mod policies;
 mod registration;
 mod script;
 pub mod signmsg;
@@ -38,8 +39,8 @@ use crate::keystore;
 use pb::btc_pub_request::{Output, XPubType};
 use pb::btc_request::Request;
 use pb::btc_script_config::multisig::ScriptType as MultisigScriptType;
-use pb::btc_script_config::Multisig;
 use pb::btc_script_config::{Config, SimpleType};
+use pb::btc_script_config::{Multisig, Policy};
 use pb::response::Response;
 use pb::BtcCoin;
 use pb::BtcScriptConfig;
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ pub fn derive_address_simple(
     .address(coin_params)?)
 }
 
-/// Processes a SimpleType (single-sig) adress api call.
+/// Processes a SimpleType (single-sig) address api call.
 async fn address_simple(
     coin: BtcCoin,
     simple_type: SimpleType,
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ async fn address_simple(
     Ok(Response::Pub(pb::PubResponse { r#pub: address }))
 }
 
-/// Processes a multisig adress api call.
+/// Processes a multisig address api call.
 pub async fn address_multisig(
     coin: BtcCoin,
     multisig: &Multisig,
@@ -205,6 +206,25 @@ pub async fn address_multisig(
     Ok(Response::Pub(pb::PubResponse { r#pub: address }))
 }
 
+/// Processes a policy address api call.
+async fn address_policy(
+    coin: BtcCoin,
+    policy: &Policy,
+    _keypath: &[u32],
+    _display: bool,
+) -> Result<Response, Error> {
+    let parsed = policies::parse(policy)?;
+    parsed.validate(coin)?;
+
+    // TODO: check that the policy was registered before.
+
+    // TODO: confirm policy registration
+
+    // TODO: create address at keypath and do user verification
+
+    todo!();
+}
+
 /// Handle a Bitcoin xpub/address protobuf api call.
 pub async fn process_pub(request: &pb::BtcPubRequest) -> Result<Response, Error> {
     let coin = match BtcCoin::from_i32(request.coin) {
@@ -233,6 +253,9 @@ pub async fn process_pub(request: &pb::BtcPubRequest) -> Result<Response, Error>
         Some(Output::ScriptConfig(BtcScriptConfig {
             config: Some(Config::Multisig(ref multisig)),
         })) => address_multisig(coin, multisig, &request.keypath, request.display).await,
+        Some(Output::ScriptConfig(BtcScriptConfig {
+            config: Some(Config::Policy(ref policy)),
+        })) => address_policy(coin, policy, &request.keypath, request.display).await,
         _ => Err(Error::InvalidInput),
     }
 }

src/rust/bitbox02-rust/src/hww/api/bitcoin/policies.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Shift Crypto AG
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use super::pb;
+use super::Error;
+use pb::BtcCoin;
+
+use pb::btc_script_config::Policy;
+
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+use core::str::FromStr;
+
+// Arbitrary limit of keys that can be present in a policy.
+const MAX_KEYS: usize = 20;
+
+// We only support Bitcoin testnet for now.
+fn check_enabled(coin: BtcCoin) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    if !matches!(coin, BtcCoin::Tbtc) {
+        return Err(Error::InvalidInput);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// See `ParsedPolicy`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Wsh<'a> {
+    policy: &'a Policy,
+    miniscript_expr: miniscript::Miniscript<String, miniscript::Segwitv0>,
+}
+
+/// Result of `parse()`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ParsedPolicy<'a> {
+    // `wsh(...)` policies
+    Wsh(Wsh<'a>),
+    // `tr(...)` Taproot etc. in the future.
+}
+
+impl<'a> ParsedPolicy<'a> {
+    fn get_policy(&self) -> &Policy {
+        match self {
+            Self::Wsh(Wsh { ref policy, .. }) => policy,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Validate a policy.
+    /// - Coin is supported (only Bitcoin testnet for now)
+    /// - Number of keys
+    /// - TODO: many more checks.
+    pub fn validate(&self, coin: BtcCoin) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        check_enabled(coin)?;
+
+        let policy = self.get_policy();
+
+        if policy.keys.len() > MAX_KEYS {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidInput);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: more checks
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses a policy as specified by 'Wallet policies': https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/pull/1389.
+/// Only `wsh(<miniscript expression>)` is supported for now.
+/// Example: `wsh(pk(@0/**))`.
+///
+/// The parsed output keeps the key strings as is (e.g. "@0/**"). They will be processed and
+/// replaced with actual pubkeys in a later step.
+pub fn parse(policy: &Policy) -> Result<ParsedPolicy, Error> {
+    let desc = policy.policy.as_str();
+    match desc.as_bytes() {
+        // Match wsh(...).
+        [b'w', b's', b'h', b'(', .., b')'] => {
+            let miniscript_expr: miniscript::Miniscript<String, miniscript::Segwitv0> =
+                miniscript::Miniscript::from_str(&desc[4..desc.len() - 1])
+                    .or(Err(Error::InvalidInput))?;
+
+            Ok(ParsedPolicy::Wsh(Wsh {
+                policy,
+                miniscript_expr,
+            }))
+        }
+        _ => Err(Error::InvalidInput),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+    use crate::bip32::parse_xpub;
+    use bitbox02::testing::mock_unlocked;
+    use util::bip32::HARDENED;
+
+    const SOME_XPUB_1: &str = "xpub6FMWuwbCA9KhoRzAMm63ZhLspk5S2DM5sePo8J8mQhcS1xyMbAqnc7Q7UescVEVFCS6qBMQLkEJWQ9Z3aDPgBov5nFUYxsJhwumsxM4npSo";
+
+    const KEYPATH_ACCOUNT: &[u32] = &[48 + HARDENED, 1 + HARDENED, 0 + HARDENED, 3 + HARDENED];
+
+    // Creates a policy key without fingerprint/keypath from an xpub string.
+    fn make_key(xpub: &str) -> pb::KeyOriginInfo {
+        pb::KeyOriginInfo {
+            root_fingerprint: vec![],
+            keypath: vec![],
+            xpub: Some(parse_xpub(xpub).unwrap()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Creates a policy for one of our own keys at keypath.
+    fn make_our_key(keypath: &[u32]) -> pb::KeyOriginInfo {
+        let our_xpub = crate::keystore::get_xpub(keypath).unwrap();
+        pb::KeyOriginInfo {
+            root_fingerprint: crate::keystore::root_fingerprint().unwrap(),
+            keypath: keypath.to_vec(),
+            xpub: Some(our_xpub.into()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn make_policy(policy: &str, keys: &[pb::KeyOriginInfo]) -> Policy {
+        Policy {
+            policy: policy.into(),
+            keys: keys.to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_wsh_miniscript() {
+        // Parse a valid example and check that the keys are collected as is as strings.
+        let policy = make_policy("wsh(pk(@0/**))", &[]);
+        match parse(&policy).unwrap() {
+            ParsedPolicy::Wsh(Wsh {
+                ref miniscript_expr,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    miniscript_expr.iter_pk().collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+                    vec!["@0/**"]
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse another valid example and check that the keys are collected as is as strings.
+        let policy = make_policy("wsh(or_b(pk(@0/**),s:pk(@1/**)))", &[]);
+        match parse(&policy).unwrap() {
+            ParsedPolicy::Wsh(Wsh {
+                ref miniscript_expr,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    miniscript_expr.iter_pk().collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+                    vec!["@0/**", "@1/**"]
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Unknown top-level fragment.
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse(&make_policy("unknown(pk(@0/**))", &[])).unwrap_err(),
+            Error::InvalidInput,
+        );
+
+        // Unknown script fragment.
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse(&make_policy("wsh(unknown(@0/**))", &[])).unwrap_err(),
+            Error::InvalidInput,
+        );
+
+        // Miniscript type-check fails (should be `or_b(pk(@0/**),s:pk(@1/**))`).
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse(&make_policy("wsh(or_b(pk(@0/**),pk(@1/**)))", &[])).unwrap_err(),
+            Error::InvalidInput,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_validate() {
+        let our_key = make_our_key(KEYPATH_ACCOUNT);
+
+        // All good.
+        assert!(parse(&make_policy("wsh(pk(@0/**))", &[our_key.clone()]))
+            .unwrap()
+            .validate(BtcCoin::Tbtc)
+            .is_ok());
+
+        // Unsupported coins
+        for coin in [BtcCoin::Btc, BtcCoin::Ltc, BtcCoin::Tltc] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                parse(&make_policy("wsh(pk(@0/**))", &[our_key.clone()]))
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .validate(coin),
+                Err(Error::InvalidInput)
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Too many keys.
+        let many_keys: Vec<pb::KeyOriginInfo> = (0..=20)
+            .map(|i| make_our_key(&[48 + HARDENED, 1 + HARDENED, i + HARDENED, 3 + HARDENED]))
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse(&make_policy("wsh(pk(@0/**))", &many_keys))
+                .unwrap()
+                .validate(BtcCoin::Tbtc),
+            Err(Error::InvalidInput)
+        );
+    }
+}