Reduce memory usage for chunk-encoded streaming uploads, like those u…

…sed by flexible checksums in S3.

Before this change, our chunk encoding logic would copy customer data five times:
1. [From the customer's stream into a byte array.](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-java-v2/blob/6040b2be6731e4b5ef64e775a2cfffb07d76766c/core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkedEncodedInputStream.java#L106-L107)
2. [From the byte array into a slightly smaller byte array.](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-java-v2/blob/6040b2be6731e4b5ef64e775a2cfffb07d76766c/core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkedEncodedInputStream.java#L111)
3. [From the smaller byte array into a byte array output stream.](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-java-v2/blob/6040b2be6731e4b5ef64e775a2cfffb07d76766c/core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkedEncodedInputStream.java#L171)
4. [From the byte array output stream into an array.](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-java-v2/blob/6040b2be6731e4b5ef64e775a2cfffb07d76766c/core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkedEncodedInputStream.java#L149)
5. [From the array into the output array.](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-java-v2/blob/6040b2be6731e4b5ef64e775a2cfffb07d76766c/core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkedEncodedInputStream.java#L85)

After this change, the logic will copy the data twice:
1. From the customer's stream into a byte array.
2. From the byte array into the output array.

There's a path to make it only one copy, but it requires the chunk encoded input stream to know the length of the underlying stream so that it can detect when the last chunk will be encountered. This will require additional piping, so we can do it in a follow-up PR.

.changes/next-release/feature-AWSSDKforJavav2-a5aec87.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "type": "feature",
+    "category": "AWS SDK for Java v2",
+    "contributor": "",
+    "description": "Reduce how many times input data is copied when writing to chunked encoded operations, like S3's PutObject."
+}

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/crt/internal/signer/AwsChunkedV4aPayloadSigner.java

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public ContentStreamProvider sign(ContentStreamProvider payload, V4aRequestSigni
             .builder()
             .inputStream(inputStream)
             .chunkSize(chunkSize)
-            .header(chunk -> Integer.toHexString(chunk.length).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            .header(chunk -> Integer.toHexString(chunk.remaining()).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
 
         preExistingTrailers.forEach(trailer -> chunkedEncodedInputStreamBuilder.addTrailer(() -> trailer));
 

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/crt/internal/signer/RollingSigner.java

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 package software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.crt.internal.signer;
 
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -45,14 +46,14 @@ public RollingSigner(byte[] seedSignature, AwsSigningConfig signingConfig) {
         this.signingConfig = signingConfig;
     }
 
-    private static byte[] signChunk(byte[] chunkBody, byte[] previousSignature, AwsSigningConfig signingConfig) {
+    private static byte[] signChunk(ByteBuffer chunkBody, byte[] previousSignature, AwsSigningConfig signingConfig) {
         // All the config remains the same as signing config except the Signature Type.
         AwsSigningConfig configCopy = signingConfig.clone();
         configCopy.setSignatureType(AwsSigningConfig.AwsSignatureType.HTTP_REQUEST_CHUNK);
         configCopy.setSignedBodyHeader(AwsSigningConfig.AwsSignedBodyHeaderType.NONE);
         configCopy.setSignedBodyValue(null);
 
-        HttpRequestBodyStream crtBody = new CrtInputStream(() -> new ByteArrayInputStream(chunkBody));
+        HttpRequestBodyStream crtBody = new CrtInputStream(() -> new ByteBufferBackedInputStream(chunkBody));
         return CompletableFutureUtils.joinLikeSync(AwsSigner.signChunk(crtBody, previousSignature, configCopy));
     }
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ private static AwsSigningResult signTrailerHeaders(Map<String, List<String>> hea
     /**
      * Using a template that incorporates the previous calculated signature, sign the string and return it.
      */
-    public byte[] sign(byte[] chunkBody) {
+    public byte[] sign(ByteBuffer chunkBody) {
         previousSignature = signChunk(chunkBody, previousSignature, signingConfig);
         return previousSignature;
     }
@@ -89,4 +90,29 @@ public byte[] sign(Map<String, List<String>> headerMap) {
     public void reset() {
         previousSignature = seedSignature;
     }
+
+    private static class ByteBufferBackedInputStream extends InputStream {
+        private final ByteBuffer buf;
+
+        private ByteBufferBackedInputStream(ByteBuffer buf) {
+            this.buf = buf;
+        }
+
+        public int read() {
+            if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            return buf.get() & 0xFF;
+        }
+
+        public int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) {
+            if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            len = Math.min(len, buf.remaining());
+            buf.get(bytes, off, len);
+            return len;
+        }
+    }
 }

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/crt/internal/signer/SigV4aChunkExtensionProvider.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 package software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.crt.internal.signer;
 
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.annotations.SdkInternalApi;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.internal.signer.CredentialScope;
@@ -38,11 +39,8 @@ public void reset() {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Pair<byte[], byte[]> get(byte[] chunk) {
+    public Pair<byte[], byte[]> get(ByteBuffer chunk) {
         byte[] chunkSig = signer.sign(chunk);
-        return Pair.of(
-            "chunk-signature".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
-            chunkSig
-        );
+        return Pair.of("chunk-signature".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), chunkSig);
     }
 }

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/AwsChunkedV4PayloadSigner.java

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public ContentStreamProvider sign(ContentStreamProvider payload, V4RequestSignin
             .builder()
             .inputStream(payload.newStream())
             .chunkSize(chunkSize)
-            .header(chunk -> Integer.toHexString(chunk.length).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            .header(chunk -> Integer.toHexString(chunk.remaining()).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
 
         preExistingTrailers.forEach(trailer -> chunkedEncodedInputStreamBuilder.addTrailer(() -> trailer));
 

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkExtensionProvider.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 package software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.internal.signer.chunkedencoding;
 
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.annotations.SdkInternalApi;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.utils.Pair;
 
@@ -32,5 +33,5 @@
 @FunctionalInterface
 @SdkInternalApi
 public interface ChunkExtensionProvider extends Resettable {
-    Pair<byte[], byte[]> get(byte[] chunk);
+    Pair<byte[], byte[]> get(ByteBuffer chunk);
 }

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkHeaderProvider.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 package software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.internal.signer.chunkedencoding;
 
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.annotations.SdkInternalApi;
 
 /**
@@ -27,5 +28,5 @@
 @FunctionalInterface
 @SdkInternalApi
 public interface ChunkHeaderProvider extends Resettable {
-    byte[] get(byte[] chunk);
+    byte[] get(ByteBuffer chunk);
 }

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/ChunkedEncodedInputStream.java

@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 package software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.internal.signer.chunkedencoding;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.SequenceInputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.annotations.SdkInternalApi;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.utils.Logger;
@@ -52,6 +53,10 @@ public final class ChunkedEncodedInputStream extends InputStream {
     private static final Logger LOG = Logger.loggerFor(ChunkedEncodedInputStream.class);
     private static final byte[] CRLF = {'\r', '\n'};
     private static final byte[] END = {};
+    private static final byte[] SEMICOLON = {';'};
+    private static final byte[] EQUALS = {'='};
+    private static final byte[] COLON = {':'};
+    private static final byte[] COMMA = {','};
 
     private final InputStream inputStream;
     private final int chunkSize;
@@ -101,14 +106,14 @@ private Chunk getChunk(InputStream stream) throws IOException {
         if (currentChunk != null) {
             currentChunk.close();
         }
-        // we *have* to read from the backing stream in order to figure out if it's the end or not
-        // TODO(sra-identity-and-auth): We can likely optimize this by not copying the entire chunk of data into memory
+
+        // We have to read from the input stream into a format that can be used for signing and headers.
         byte[] chunkData = new byte[chunkSize];
         int read = read(stream, chunkData, chunkSize);
 
         if (read > 0) {
             // set the current chunk to the newly written chunk
-            return getNextChunk(Arrays.copyOf(chunkData, read));
+            return getNextChunk(ByteBuffer.wrap(chunkData, 0, read));
         }
 
         LOG.debug(() -> "End of backing stream reached. Reading final chunk.");
@@ -142,58 +147,71 @@ private int read(InputStream inputStream, byte[] buf, int maxBytesToRead) throws
      * Create a chunk from a byte-array, which includes the header, the extensions, and the chunk data. The input array should be
      * correctly sized, i.e. the number of bytes should equal its length.
      */
-    private Chunk getNextChunk(byte[] data) throws IOException {
-        ByteArrayOutputStream chunkStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-        writeChunk(data, chunkStream);
-        chunkStream.write(CRLF);
-        byte[] newChunkData = chunkStream.toByteArray();
-
-        return Chunk.create(new ByteArrayInputStream(newChunkData), newChunkData.length);
+    private Chunk getNextChunk(ByteBuffer data) {
+        LengthAwareSequenceInputStream newChunkData =
+            LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.builder()
+                                          .add(createChunkStream(data))
+                                          .add(CRLF)
+                                          .build();
+        return Chunk.create(newChunkData, newChunkData.size);
     }
 
     /**
      * Create the final chunk, which includes the header, the extensions, the chunk (if applicable), and the trailer
      */
     private Chunk getFinalChunk() throws IOException {
-        ByteArrayOutputStream chunkStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-        writeChunk(END, chunkStream);
-        writeTrailers(chunkStream);
-        chunkStream.write(CRLF);
-        byte[] newChunkData = chunkStream.toByteArray();
-
-        return Chunk.create(new ByteArrayInputStream(newChunkData), newChunkData.length);
+        LengthAwareSequenceInputStream chunkData =
+            LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.builder()
+                                          .add(createChunkStream(ByteBuffer.wrap(END)))
+                                          .add(createTrailerStream())
+                                          .add(CRLF)
+                                          .build();
+
+        return Chunk.create(chunkData, chunkData.size);
     }
 
-    private void writeChunk(byte[] chunk, ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
-        writeHeader(chunk, outputStream);
-        writeExtensions(chunk, outputStream);
-        outputStream.write(CRLF);
-        outputStream.write(chunk);
+    private LengthAwareSequenceInputStream createChunkStream(ByteBuffer chunkData) {
+        return LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.builder()
+                                             .add(createHeaderStream(chunkData.asReadOnlyBuffer()))
+                                             .add(createExtensionsStream(chunkData.asReadOnlyBuffer()))
+                                             .add(CRLF)
+                                             .add(new ByteArrayInputStream(chunkData.array(),
+                                                                           chunkData.arrayOffset(),
+                                                                           chunkData.remaining()))
+                                             .build();
     }
 
-    private void writeHeader(byte[] chunk, ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
-        byte[] hdr = header.get(chunk);
-        outputStream.write(hdr);
+    private ByteArrayInputStream createHeaderStream(ByteBuffer chunkData) {
+        return new ByteArrayInputStream(header.get(chunkData));
     }
 
-    private void writeExtensions(byte[] chunk, ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
+    private LengthAwareSequenceInputStream createExtensionsStream(ByteBuffer chunkData) {
+        LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.Builder result = LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.builder();
         for (ChunkExtensionProvider chunkExtensionProvider : extensions) {
-            Pair<byte[], byte[]> ext = chunkExtensionProvider.get(chunk);
-            outputStream.write((byte) ';');
-            outputStream.write(ext.left());
-            outputStream.write((byte) '=');
-            outputStream.write(ext.right());
+            Pair<byte[], byte[]> ext = chunkExtensionProvider.get(chunkData);
+            result.add(SEMICOLON);
+            result.add(ext.left());
+            result.add(EQUALS);
+            result.add(ext.right());
         }
+        return result.build();
     }
 
-    private void writeTrailers(ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
+    private LengthAwareSequenceInputStream createTrailerStream() throws IOException {
+        LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.Builder result = LengthAwareSequenceInputStream.builder();
         for (TrailerProvider trailer : trailers) {
             Pair<String, List<String>> tlr = trailer.get();
-            outputStream.write(tlr.left().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-            outputStream.write((byte) ':');
-            outputStream.write(String.join(",", tlr.right()).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
-            outputStream.write(CRLF);
+            result.add(tlr.left().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            result.add(COLON);
+            for (String trailerValue : tlr.right()) {
+                result.add(trailerValue.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                result.add(COMMA);
+            }
+
+            // Replace trailing comma with clrf
+            result.replaceLast(new ByteArrayInputStream(CRLF), COMMA.length);
         }
+        return result.build();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -216,7 +234,8 @@ public static class Builder {
         private final List<TrailerProvider> trailers = new ArrayList<>();
         private InputStream inputStream;
         private int chunkSize;
-        private ChunkHeaderProvider header = chunk -> Integer.toHexString(chunk.length).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        private ChunkHeaderProvider header =
+            chunk -> Integer.toHexString(chunk.remaining()).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 
         public InputStream inputStream() {
             return this.inputStream;
@@ -267,5 +286,51 @@ public ChunkedEncodedInputStream build() {
             return new ChunkedEncodedInputStream(this);
         }
     }
+
+
+    private static class LengthAwareSequenceInputStream extends SequenceInputStream {
+        private final int size;
+
+        private LengthAwareSequenceInputStream(Builder builder) {
+            super(Collections.enumeration(builder.streams));
+            this.size = builder.size;
+        }
+
+        private static Builder builder() {
+            return new Builder();
+        }
+
+        private static class Builder {
+            private final List<InputStream> streams = new ArrayList<>();
+            private int size = 0;
+
+            public Builder add(ByteArrayInputStream stream) {
+                streams.add(stream);
+                size += stream.available();
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public Builder add(byte[] stream) {
+                return add(new ByteArrayInputStream(stream));
+            }
+
+            public Builder add(LengthAwareSequenceInputStream stream) {
+                streams.add(stream);
+                size += stream.size;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public Builder replaceLast(ByteArrayInputStream stream, int lastLength) {
+                streams.set(streams.size() - 1, stream);
+                size -= lastLength;
+                size += stream.available();
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public LengthAwareSequenceInputStream build() {
+                return new LengthAwareSequenceInputStream(this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 

core/http-auth-aws/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/auth/aws/internal/signer/chunkedencoding/SigV4ChunkExtensionProvider.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import static software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.internal.signer.util.SignerUtils.hash;
 import static software.amazon.awssdk.utils.BinaryUtils.toHex;
 
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.annotations.SdkInternalApi;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.http.auth.aws.internal.signer.CredentialScope;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ public void reset() {
         signer.reset();
     }
 
-    private String getStringToSign(String previousSignature, byte[] chunk) {
+    private String getStringToSign(String previousSignature, ByteBuffer chunk) {
         // build the string-to-sign template for the rolling-signer to sign
         return String.join("\n",
                            "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256-PAYLOAD",
@@ -55,11 +56,9 @@ private String getStringToSign(String previousSignature, byte[] chunk) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Pair<byte[], byte[]> get(byte[] chunk) {
+    public Pair<byte[], byte[]> get(ByteBuffer chunk) {
         String chunkSig = signer.sign(previousSig -> getStringToSign(previousSig, chunk));
-        return Pair.of(
-            "chunk-signature".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
-            chunkSig.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
-        );
+        return Pair.of("chunk-signature".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
+                       chunkSig.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     }
 }