fix(cli): proxy is not configured correctly

[otaviomacedo]

We were using the localAddress of the request handler options, which is the incorrect property. Instead, create an instance of ProxyAgent, passing the CA certificate and a function that resolves to the proxy address option from the command line. If no proxy address was passed, it defaults to the environment variables.

Tested manually using mitmproxy with a custom certificate.

While testing this, I noticed that the retry strategy function was incorrect.

Closes #32208

Checklist

• My code adheres to the CONTRIBUTING GUIDE and DESIGN GUIDELINES

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 60.00000% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 77.17%. Comparing base (a8bc46d) to head (7165788).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #32213      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   77.19%   77.17%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         105      105              
  Lines        7166     7169       +3     
  Branches     1314     1315       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits         5532     5533       +1     
- Misses       1454     1455       +1     
- Partials      180      181       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
suite.unit	77.17% <60.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

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Components	Coverage Δ
packages/aws-cdk	77.17% <60.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

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➡️ PR build request submitted to test-main-pipeline ⬅️

A maintainer must now check the pipeline and add the pr-linter/cli-integ-tested label once the pipeline succeeds.

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AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: AutoBuildv2Project1C6BFA3F-wQm2hXv2jqQv
• Commit ID: 0192bf8
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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