[SPARK-45636][BUILD] Upgrade jersey to 2.41

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This pr aims upgrade Jersey from 2.40 to 2.41.

### Why are the changes needed?
The new version bring some improvements, like:
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5350
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5365
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5436
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5296

and some bug fix, like:
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5359
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5405
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5423
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5435
- eclipse-ee4j/jersey#5445

The full release notes as follows:
- https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/jersey/releases/tag/2.41

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No

### How was this patch tested?
Pass GitHub Actions

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
No

Closes #43490 from LuciferYang/SPARK-45636.

Lead-authored-by: YangJie <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: yangjie01 <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Sean Owen <[email protected]>

dev/deps/spark-deps-hadoop-3-hive-2.3

@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@ jaxb-runtime/2.3.2//jaxb-runtime-2.3.2.jar
 jcl-over-slf4j/2.0.9//jcl-over-slf4j-2.0.9.jar
 jdo-api/3.0.1//jdo-api-3.0.1.jar
 jdom2/2.0.6//jdom2-2.0.6.jar
-jersey-client/2.40//jersey-client-2.40.jar
-jersey-common/2.40//jersey-common-2.40.jar
-jersey-container-servlet-core/2.40//jersey-container-servlet-core-2.40.jar
-jersey-container-servlet/2.40//jersey-container-servlet-2.40.jar
-jersey-hk2/2.40//jersey-hk2-2.40.jar
-jersey-server/2.40//jersey-server-2.40.jar
+jersey-client/2.41//jersey-client-2.41.jar
+jersey-common/2.41//jersey-common-2.41.jar
+jersey-container-servlet-core/2.41//jersey-container-servlet-core-2.41.jar
+jersey-container-servlet/2.41//jersey-container-servlet-2.41.jar
+jersey-hk2/2.41//jersey-hk2-2.41.jar
+jersey-server/2.41//jersey-server-2.41.jar
 jettison/1.5.4//jettison-1.5.4.jar
 jetty-util-ajax/9.4.53.v20231009//jetty-util-ajax-9.4.53.v20231009.jar
 jetty-util/9.4.53.v20231009//jetty-util-9.4.53.v20231009.jar

pom.xml

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
       Please don't upgrade the version to 3.0.0+,
       Because it transitions Jakarta REST API from javax to jakarta package.
     -->
-    <jersey.version>2.40</jersey.version>
+    <jersey.version>2.41</jersey.version>
     <joda.version>2.12.5</joda.version>
     <jodd.version>3.5.2</jodd.version>
     <jsr305.version>3.0.0</jsr305.version>