Implement physical plan for EXISTS subquery

[alamb]

Note: migrated from original JIRA: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-10819

The TPC-H queries include use of the EXISTS which is used to test for the existence of any record in a subquery. For example:

and *exists* (
    select
        *
    from
        lineitem
    where
        l_orderkey = o_orderkey
        and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
)

[alamb]

Comment from Andy Grove(andygrove) @ 2020-12-31T19:42:45.132+0000:

The example given here is a correlated subquery that can be translated into a join.

Here is a random stackoverflow discussion on this for reference (I have not reviewed it)

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1772609/procedurally-transform-subquery-into-join

[alamb]

In case anyone is curious -- we support correlated versions of these queries (via a join) but if there is no correlation (not super useful) we do not

❯ create table foo as select * from (values (1), (2), (NULL)) as sql
;
0 rows in set. Query took 0.022 seconds.
3 rows in set. Query took 0.007 seconds.
❯ create table bar as select * from (values (1), (2), (NULL)) as sql;
0 rows in set. Query took 0.000 seconds.
❯ select * from foo where exists (select column1 from bar);
NotImplemented("Physical plan does not support logical expression EXISTS (<subquery>)")
❯ select * from foo where exists (select column1 from bar where foo.column1 = bar.column1);
+---------+
| column1 |
+---------+
| 2       |
| 1       |
+---------+