GH-41098: [Python] Add copy keyword in Array.__array__ for numpy 2.0+ compatibility

python/pyarrow/array.pxi

@@ -1543,7 +1543,8 @@ cdef class Array(_PandasConvertible):
     def _to_pandas(self, options, types_mapper=None, **kwargs):
         return _array_like_to_pandas(self, options, types_mapper=types_mapper)
 
-    def __array__(self, dtype=None):
+    def __array__(self, dtype=None, copy=None):
+        # TODO honor the copy keyword
         values = self.to_numpy(zero_copy_only=False)
         if dtype is None:
             return values

python/pyarrow/table.pxi

@@ -525,7 +525,8 @@ cdef class ChunkedArray(_PandasConvertible):
 
         return values
 
-    def __array__(self, dtype=None):
+    def __array__(self, dtype=None, copy=None):
+        # copy keyword can be ignored because to_numpy() already returns a copy
         values = self.to_numpy()
         if dtype is None:
             return values
@@ -1533,7 +1534,8 @@ cdef class _Tabular(_PandasConvertible):
         raise TypeError(f"Do not call {self.__class__.__name__}'s constructor directly, use "
                         f"one of the `{self.__class__.__name__}.from_*` functions instead.")
 
-    def __array__(self, dtype=None):
+    def __array__(self, dtype=None, copy=None):
+        # copy keyword can be ignored as this always already returns a copy
         column_arrays = [
             np.asarray(self.column(i), dtype=dtype) for i in range(self.num_columns)
         ]

python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py

@@ -3301,6 +3301,18 @@ def test_array_from_large_pyints():
         pa.array([int(2 ** 63)])
 
 
+def test_numpy_array_protocol():
+    # test the __array__ method on pyarrow.Array
+    arr = pa.array([1, 2, 3])
+    result = np.asarray(arr)
+    expected = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="int64")
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    # this should not raise a deprecation warning with numpy 2.0+
+    result = np.asarray(arr, copy=False)
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 def test_array_protocol():
 
     class MyArray: