GH-44690: [C++] NumericBuilder::AppendValues append vector prevent fr…

…om ub (#44794)

### Rationale for this change

Add boundary check for `NumericBuilder::AppendValues` for std::vector

Originally, it will :

1. `AppendValues` might has `std::vector` as arguments, `std::vector::data` might be used
2. `std::vector::data` might returns `nullptr` if size == 0: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/data
3. https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/memcpy memcpy says, "If either dest or src is an [invalid or null pointer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/pointer#Pointers), the behavior is undefined, even if count is zero."

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add boundary check for `NumericBuilder::AppendValues` for std::vector

### Are these changes tested?

Covered by existing

### Are there any user-facing changes?

no

* GitHub Issue: #44690

Authored-by: mwish <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: mwish <[email protected]>

cpp/src/arrow/array/builder_primitive.h

@@ -211,13 +211,19 @@ class NumericBuilder
   /// \return Status
   Status AppendValues(const std::vector<value_type>& values,
                       const std::vector<bool>& is_valid) {
+    if (values.empty()) {
+      return Status::OK();
+    }
     return AppendValues(values.data(), static_cast<int64_t>(values.size()), is_valid);
   }
 
   /// \brief Append a sequence of elements in one shot
   /// \param[in] values a std::vector of values
   /// \return Status
   Status AppendValues(const std::vector<value_type>& values) {
+    if (values.empty()) {
+      return Status::OK();
+    }
     return AppendValues(values.data(), static_cast<int64_t>(values.size()));
   }