Add host_subcomponent property

[bdraco]

Returns the https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2 host subcomponent. The only current practical difference between raw_host and host_subcomponent is that IPv6 addresses are returned bracketed.

We can also use this in aiohttp at https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/blob/d7cd0613472fd4d9940e37f1c55921f6a1515324/aiohttp/client_reqrep.py#L359 and https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/blob/d7cd0613472fd4d9940e37f1c55921f6a1515324/aiohttp/client_reqrep.py#L609

Split from #1158 for #1157

Note that we CANNOT use self._val.hostname here because it returns the non-bracketed host

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.46%. Comparing base (ecb100d) to head (33433fb).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1159      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.45%   95.46%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          30       30              
  Lines        4792     4807      +15     
  Branches      425      428       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits         4574     4589      +15     
  Misses        192      192              
  Partials       26       26              

Flag	Coverage Δ
CI-GHA	95.42% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
MyPy	41.40% <77.77%> (+0.10%)	⬆️
OS-Linux	99.35% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
OS-Windows	99.44% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
OS-macOS	99.06% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.10.11	98.96% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.10.15	99.19% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.11.10	99.19% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.11.9	98.96% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.12.6	99.19% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.13.0-rc.2	99.19% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.8.10	98.90% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.8.18	99.14% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.9.13	98.90% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-3.9.20	99.14% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
Py-pypy7.3.11	99.19% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
Py-pypy7.3.16	99.19% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
Py-pypy7.3.17	99.22% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
VM-macos-latest	99.06% <85.71%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
VM-ubuntu-latest	99.35% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
VM-windows-latest	99.44% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
pytest	99.35% <85.71%> (-0.06%)	⬇️

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