Optimize cython cached_property implementation

[bdraco]

What do these changes do?

Optimize cython cached_property implementation

Are there changes in behavior for the user?

no

_URL = URL("/"); print(timeit.timeit('_URL.raw_path', globals=locals(), number=100000))

timeit: 0.0037811670918017626
before

timeit: 0.003146165981888771
after

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.12%. Comparing base (0afe7c5) to head (f8398b8).
Report is 289 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1122      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.12%   95.12%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          30       30              
  Lines        4636     4635       -1     
  Branches      409      409              
==========================================
- Hits         4410     4409       -1     
  Misses        200      200              
  Partials       26       26              

Flag	Coverage Δ
CI-GHA	95.08% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
MyPy	41.06% <ø> (ø)
OS-Linux	99.38% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
OS-Windows	99.47% <ø> (ø)
OS-macOS	99.08% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.10.11	98.97% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.10.14	99.21% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.11.9	99.21% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.12.5	99.21% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.13.0-rc.1	99.21% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.8.10	98.92% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.8.18	99.16% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.9.13	98.92% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.9.19	99.16% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-pypy7.3.11	99.21% <ø> (ø)
Py-pypy7.3.16	99.21% <ø> (ø)
Py-pypy7.3.17	99.24% <ø> (ø)
VM-macos-latest	99.08% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
VM-ubuntu-latest	99.38% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
VM-windows-latest	99.47% <ø> (ø)
pytest	99.38% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

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