[Ubuntu] Install gcc@12 from brew

[mikhailkoliada]

Description

Kudos go to the whole homebrew team and especially @MikeMcQuaid for fixing all the issues :)

Related issue: n/a

Check list

• Related issue / work item is attached
• Tests are written (if applicable)
• Documentation is updated (if applicable)
• Changes are tested and related VM images are successfully generated

[miketimofeev]

/azp run ubuntu1804, ubuntu2004, ubuntu2204

[azure-pipelines]

Azure Pipelines successfully started running 3 pipeline(s).

[MikeMcQuaid]

Glad this is working for you all now!

[rgommers]

It looks like this broke gfortran, see gh-6274. Could this be reverted?

[bobbrow]

This also broke my CI for the VS Code CMake Tools extension this morning. I'll open a bug. One example: https://github.com/Danielmelody/vscode-cmake-tools/actions/runs/3100401406/jobs/5020640848

Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.498Z [error] [cmake] CMake Error at /home/runner/work/_temp/685782585/cmake-3.18.3-Linux-x86_64/share/cmake-3.18/Modules/CMakeTestCCompiler.cmake:66 (message):
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.499Z [error] [cmake]   The C compiler
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.499Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.500Z [error] [cmake]     "/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/gcc-12"
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.501Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.501Z [error] [cmake]   is not able to compile a simple test program.
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.501Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.502Z [error] [cmake]   It fails with the following output:
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.502Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.503Z [error] [cmake]     Change Dir: /home/runner/work/vscode-cmake-tools/vscode-cmake-tools/test/extension-tests/successful-build/project-folder/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.503Z [error] [cmake]     
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.503Z [error] [cmake]     Run Build Command(s):/home/runner/work/_temp/[68](https://github.com/Danielmelody/vscode-cmake-tools/actions/runs/3100401406/jobs/5020640848#step:12:69)5782585/ninja cmTC_21dc4 && [1/2] Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_21dc4.dir/testCCompiler.c.o
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.503Z [error] [cmake]     [2/2] Linking C executable cmTC_21dc4
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.503Z [error] [cmake]     FAILED: cmTC_21dc4 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.503Z [error] [cmake]     : && /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/gcc-12  -rdynamic CMakeFiles/cmTC_21dc4.dir/testCCompiler.c.o -o cmTC_21dc4   && :
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake]     /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake]     collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake]     ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake]     
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake]     
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.504Z [error] [cmake]   
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.505Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.505Z [error] [cmake]   CMake will not be able to correctly generate this project.
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.506Z [error] [cmake] Call Stack (most recent call first):
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.506Z [error] [cmake]   CMakeLists.txt:2 (project)
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.506Z [error] [cmake] 
Error: ools] 2022-09-21T19:09:34.507Z [error] [cmake]