Using Testcontainers in ABP Unit Test

docs/en/Community-Articles/2024-03-02-Using-Testcontainers-In-ABP-Unit-Test/POST.md

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+# Using Testcontainers in ABP Unit Test
+
+## What is Testcontainers?
+
+Testcontainers is a library that provides easy and lightweight APIs for bootstrapping local development and test dependencies with real services wrapped in Docker containers. 
+
+Using Testcontainers, you can write tests that depend on the same services you use in production without mocks or in-memory services.
+
+Get more information about Testcontainers from [https://testcontainers.com/](https://testcontainers.com/).
+
+## How to Use Testcontainers in ABP Unit Test?
+
+ABP Framework provides a built-in unit test infrastructure, allowing you to add your unit and integration tests easily.
+
+It uses [SQLite in-memory](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/testing/testing-without-the-database#sqlite-in-memory) and [EphemeralMongo](https://github.com/asimmon/ephemeral-mongo)  as the default database for unit tests and it's enough for most of the cases. However, you may need to test your code with a real database like PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, etc.
+
+In this article, I will show you how to use Testcontainers in ABP unit tests to test your code with a real database from a Docker container.
+
+> The Testcontainers will pull the Docker images of the databases you want to use. You can pull them manually before running the tests to speed them up.
+
+```bash
+docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-CU18-ubuntu-20.04
+docker pull mongo:6.0
+```
+
+### Code Changes For Entity Framework Core Tests
+
+1. Remove `Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite` package and add the `Testcontainers.MsSql` package to the `MyProjectName.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests` project.
+
+```csharp
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="..\..\common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <RootNamespace>MyCompanyName.MyProjectName</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.EntityFrameworkCore\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.EntityFrameworkCore.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.Application.Tests\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.Application.Tests.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.8.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Testcontainers.MsSql" Version="3.7.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
+```
+
+2. Update `MyProjectNameEntityFrameworkCoreFixture` class as shown below:
+
+We start an SQL Server container in the `InitializeAsync` method and dispose of it in the `DisposeAsync` method. The `GetRandomConnectionString` method sets a random database for each test.
+
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Testcontainers.MsSql;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+public class MyProjectNameEntityFrameworkCoreFixture : IAsyncLifetime
+{
+    private readonly static MsSqlContainer _msSqlContainer = new MsSqlBuilder().Build();
+
+    public async Task InitializeAsync()
+    {
+        await _msSqlContainer.StartAsync();
+    }
+
+    public static string GetRandomConnectionString()
+    {
+        var randomDbName = "Database=Db_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+        return _msSqlContainer.GetConnectionString().Replace("Database=master", randomDbName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    public async Task DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        await _msSqlContainer.DisposeAsync().AsTask();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+3. Update `MyProjectNameEntityFrameworkCoreTestModule` class as shown below:
+
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Volo.Abp.FeatureManagement;
+using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
+using Volo.Abp.PermissionManagement;
+using Volo.Abp.SettingManagement;
+using Volo.Abp.Uow;
+
+namespace MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+[DependsOn(
+    typeof(MyProjectNameApplicationTestModule),
+    typeof(MyProjectNameEntityFrameworkCoreModule)
+    )]
+public class MyProjectNameEntityFrameworkCoreTestModule : AbpModule
+{
+    public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
+    {
+        ConfigureMsSqlDatabase(context.Services);
+    }
+
+    private void ConfigureMsSqlDatabase(IServiceCollection services)
+    {
+        var connectionString = MyProjectNameEntityFrameworkCoreFixture.GetRandomConnectionString();
+        using (var context = new MyProjectNameDbContext(new DbContextOptionsBuilder<MyProjectNameDbContext>()
+                   .UseSqlServer(connectionString)
+                   .Options))
+        {
+            context.Database.Migrate();
+        }
+        services.Configure<AbpDbContextOptions>(options =>
+        {
+            options.Configure(context =>
+            {
+                context.DbContextOptions.UseSqlServer(connectionString);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The EF Core unit tests results will be like the following:
+
+![ef core](efcore.png)
+
+### Code Changes For MongoDB Tests
+
+1. Remove `EphemeralMongo` related packages and add the `Testcontainers.MongoDb` package to the `MyProjectName.EntityFrameworkCore.Tests` project.
+
+```csharp
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <Import Project="..\..\common.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <RootNamespace>MyCompanyName.MyProjectName</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.MongoDB\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.MongoDB.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.Application.Tests\MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.Application.Tests.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.8.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Testcontainers.MongoDb" Version="3.7.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
+```
+
+2. Update `MyProjectNameMongoDbFixture` class as shown below:
+
+We start a MongoDB container in the `InitializeAsync` method and dispose of it in the `DisposeAsync` method. The `GetRandomConnectionString` method sets a random database for each test.
+
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Testcontainers.MongoDb;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace MyCompanyName.MyProjectName.MongoDB;
+
+public class MyProjectNameMongoDbFixture : IAsyncLifetime
+{
+    private readonly static MongoDbContainer _mongoDbContainer = new MongoDbBuilder().WithCommand().Build();
+
+    public async Task InitializeAsync()
+    {
+        await _mongoDbContainer.StartAsync();
+    }
+
+    public static string GetRandomConnectionString()
+    {
+        var randomDbName = "Db_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+        return _mongoDbContainer.GetConnectionString().EnsureEndsWith('/') + randomDbName + "?authSource=admin";
+    }
+
+    public async Task DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        await _mongoDbContainer.DisposeAsync().AsTask();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The MongoDB unit tests results will be like the following:
+
+![mongodb](mongodb.png)
+
+## Summary
+
+The Testcontainers works well with ABP Framework and it's easy to use. If you need to test your code with a real database, Testcontainers is a good choice for you. 
+
+While it still needs to be faster than in-memory databases, but its advantages are obvious.
+
+Enjoy testing with Testcontainers!