As the name itself suggests Data structures are a way to organise data so that retrival, updation, deletion and insertion could be done efficiently.
Some basic Data Structures:
- Array
- Linked List
- Stack and Queue
- Trees and Graphs
Telling computing systems a step by step process to solve some problem.
There are some commonly used Algorithmic techniques
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Algorithmic Paradigms:
- Greedy
- Recursion
- Divide and Conquer
- Brute Force Search
- Dynamic Programming
- Backtracking
- Branch and Bound
- There are many more but these are mostly used and relevant for general purpose programming.
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Searching Algorithms:
- Linear Search
- Binary Search
- Ternary Search
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Graph Search:
- Breadth First Search(BFS)
- Depth First Search(DFS)
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Sorting Algorithms:
- Bubble Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Selection Sort
- Quick Sort
- Merge Sort
- Heap Sort
- Numerous other sorting techniques are available these feels relevant to me.