Web functions

This repo contains all the common stuff I use for the websites I develop.

To simplify the require statements, all sub-helper files are suffixed with _helper.

TODO

database.php DB dump/backup
form_fields.php time+datetime with seconds? Not sure I need...
html.php lang attribute should use session language

HTML5

minimum working example:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
content
</body>
</html>

viewport: To have the design not zoomed out on mobile device, you must include the following in the head:
```
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
```
favicon: You can set some pictures that will be used in the favorites or in iOS home screen. To set them independently of the filename, you need to add these lines in the head:
```
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/pictures/favicon.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/pictures/favicon.png" />
```
One must keep in mind that the apple touch icon should not have an alpha channel (transparency) or it will be displayed black.
form upload: If you want to upload a file in a form, you need to specify:
```
<form enctype="multipart/form-data">
```
mobile forms no radio: Nowadays it is better to design a website with mobile users first. In forms, radio are not mobile-friendly. Use select instead.
onbeforeunload: If you want to warn the user that he is trying to close a page, you can set
```
<body onbeforeunload="return 'my warning text to user'">
```
caniuse.com: As today's world evolves rapidly but browsers not so, you can check if a feature can be used on http://caniuse.com/#index

CSS

responsive: To design a website which works for both desktop and mobile users, a good method is to make it repsonsive. This means you make the base design for mobile users, then you adapt some stuff to have an enhanced experience on desktop users using media queries:
```
@media only screen and (min-width:64em) {...}
```
The only keyword is here to prevent old browser to use this by interpreting only the first word after the media keyword. For a responsive design, you must also follow with the units. You should then define in a root CSS stylesheet
```
body { font-size: 14pt; }
```
This will then be 1em and you should only specify units in em to stay proportional to the base. You can also use media queries with the argument orientation (portrait or landscape).
avoid position: Positions are not a good idea to use because it will often be screwed up somehow...
:hover The pseudo-property :hover can be very useful. Used for links at the beginning, you can set the following now
```
tr:hover { background-color: #999999; }
```
This will make the background of the entire row of your table become light gray upon mouse hover, and back to normal when the mouse leaves. This increases the readibility of your page.
display table: HTML tables should only be used when a real table is required. But such will not be responsive if you want the design of the table to change for mobile users. For responsive tables, use div and the CSS styles
```
display: table;
display: table-row;
display: table-cell;
```

javascript

javascript is used to change the page after it is loaded, mainly upon user interactions. But it can be heavy for some computers and be used by hackers, so it is better to avoid it when possible...

PHP

Useful link: http://php.net/

session start+regenerate id: If you want to store session variables (variables that stays the same for the user so long he visits the website), you must start the page by
```
session_start();
```
If you write another command (except includes and requires) before it, it will not work. It is also advised to use immediately after it
```
session_regenerate_id();
```
stdClass: There are structures in PHP where you can access its properties using the arrow operator. These are instances of the class stdClass. If you want to use such and prevent warnings of non-initialized vars, you can write
```
var = new stdClass();
var->property = 0;
```
Without the first line with the declaration, the code can work but will complain that the variable was not properly instantiated.

varargin

normal: When writing functions, one may want to have optional arguments. For such an object can be useful. You can thus write your function as

function myfunction(stdClass args) {
  $arg1 = 0;
  $arg2 = 0;
  $arg3 = 0;
  foreach($args as $k => $v) {$$k = $v;}

mandatory: If there are mandatory arguments, you can check there are provided by not setting them before and then running:

$mandatory = array("arg5", "arg7", "another_arg");
foreach($mandatory as $m) {
  if(!isset($$m)) {
    //error...
    exit;
  }
}

NULL: If there are no mandatory arguemnts at all, you can write so:

function myfunction(stdClass args=NULL) {
  //...
  if($args !== NULL) {
    foreach($args as $k => $v) {$$k = $v;}
  }

localtime: To get the time in a convenient format, you can execute
```
localtime(time(), true);
```
mysqli: For database access, mysqli is a good library. You can prepare statements and bind params and results so that you prevent SQL injections.
htmlentities: To avoid characters posing problems in databases, you can use htmlentities
stripslashes Again to prevent some problems with special characters, you can use addslashes and stripslashes
nl2br: If you have some text in your database with multiple lines, you may need the function nl2br
strtolower: To convert uppercase letters to lowercase: strtolower
hash: To hash a string (encoding without chances of ever decoding again), you can use the hash function:
```
hash("sha512", $var);
hash_hmac("sha512", $var, $secret);
```
and compare the hash with hash_equals (user input is 2nd arg):
```
hash_equals(hash("sha512", $value), $hashFromUser);
```
header location: To redirect the user on another page when loading, use
```
header("Location: new-page.php"</span>);
```
header refresh: Playing with headers, one can also set a page which will redirect after a delay:
```
header("refresh: 10; url=new-page.php");
```
upload file: When uploading files, you have access to its information in the array $_FILES. It will first be stored as $_FILES["input_fieldname"]["tmp_name"] and you have to move it yourself to the desired path and filename. Its original filename is $_FILES["input_fieldname"]["name"]. Here are some functions required:
```
is_uploaded_file();
move_uploaded_file();
```

create thumbnail: To create a thumbnail of a picture, you will need the following functions:

getimagesize();
imagecreatetruecolor();
imagecreatefromjpeg();
imagecopyresized();
imagejpeg();
imagedestroy();

display thumbnail: You can also make a PHP page that delivers directly a thumbnail of a given picture. For this you need the smae functions, the following header and some more functions:
```
header("Content-type: image/jpg");
imagecolorallocate();
ImageColorTransparent();  // note the case
imagealphablending();
```
check www: You can check if the user is browsing with the 'www.' prefix or not:
```
preg_match("/www\\./", $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"]);
```
user agent, remote addr: There are plenty information about the user such as OS and browser in the variable $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]. You can check yours on http://whatsmyuseragent.com/ You can also get the IP of the user in $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]
mail: You can also send mails. The function mail makes everything. However you need to wrap the content because it cannot be too wide.
```
mail($to, $subject, wordwrap($message, 70), "From: $from");
```

MySQL

select as: You can select fields named otherwise if it better suits your code:
```
SELECT `field` AS `otherfield` FROM `table`
```
count: To retreive the number of entries, use:
```
SELECT COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `table`
```

distinct: The keyword DISTINCT can help select entries only once:

SELECT DISTINCT `field` FROM `table`
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT `field`) AS `count` FROM `table`

alpha sort: Sorting fields alphabetically without articles is tricky. Here is what I use:

SELECT *,
IF(
  LEFT(`field`, 4) = 'The '
  OR ";
LEFT(`field`, 4) = 'Les '
  OR ";
LEFT(`field`, 4) = 'Der '
  OR ";
LEFT(`field`, 4) = 'Das '";
,
  MID(`field`, 5),
  IF(
    LEFT(`field`, 3) = 'Le '
    OR ";
LEFT(`field`, 3) = 'La '
    OR ";
LEFT(`field`, 3) = 'El '
    OR ";
LEFT(`field`, 3) = 'An '";
,
    MID(`field`, 4),
    IF(";
LEFT(`field`,2) = 'A '";
, ";
MID(`field`,3),
      ";
IF(";
LEFT(`field`, 8) = 'L\\&amp;#039;'";
, ";
MID(`field`, 9),
        ";
IF(";
LEFT(`field`, 7) = 'L&amp;#039;'";
, ";
MID(`field`, 8), `field` )
      )
    )
  )
) AS `nodetfield`";
 FROM `table`";
 ORDER BY
`nodetfield` IS NULL DESC,
`nodetfield` = '' DESC,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(`nodetfield`, ' ', 1) + 0 > 0 DESC,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(`nodetfield`, ' ', 1) + 0 ASC,
`nodetfield` ASC";

do not use enum/set: Though MySQL provides fieldtype enum and set which work as options the user can select, I advise you not to use them. It is easier to maintain when built another way: Set up another table with the names you want in the set which are associated to an ID and use this ID in the other table. This way changing the set is really easy and does not require sophisticated MySQL skills.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 23 Commits
pics		pics
templates		templates
.flake8		.flake8
.htaccess		.htaccess
.pylintrc		.pylintrc
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
basejump.css		basejump.css
body_helper.php		body_helper.php
bungeejumping.css		bungeejumping.css
cookie_helper.php		cookie_helper.php
crypto_helper.php		crypto_helper.php
css_helper.php		css_helper.php
database_helper.php		database_helper.php
deadlink.php		deadlink.php
file_helper.php		file_helper.php
form_fields.php		form_fields.php
form_helper.php		form_helper.php
helper.php		helper.php
html_helper.php		html_helper.php
js4forms.js		js4forms.js
js_helper.php		js_helper.php
jscheck.js		jscheck.js
jsconfirmerase.js		jsconfirmerase.js
jsenablesubmit.js		jsenablesubmit.js
jsforbiddenkeys.js		jsforbiddenkeys.js
language_helper.php		language_helper.php
logging.php		logging.php
login_helper.php		login_helper.php
page_helper.php		page_helper.php
photos_displaythumb.php		photos_displaythumb.php
searchbox.php		searchbox.php
server_helper.php		server_helper.php
table_helper.php		table_helper.php
thumb.php		thumb.php
time_helper.php		time_helper.php
translators_helper.php		translators_helper.php
update_init.py		update_init.py
utils_helper.php		utils_helper.php

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Web functions

TODO

HTML5

CSS

javascript

PHP

MySQL

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TODO

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javascript

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