Use defer loading strategy for frontend view scripts

lib/blocks.php

@@ -172,6 +172,40 @@ function gutenberg_reregister_core_block_types() {
 
 add_action( 'init', 'gutenberg_reregister_core_block_types' );
 
+/**
+ * Adds the defer loading strategy to all registered blocks.
+ *
+ * This function would not be part of core merge. Instead, the register_block_script_handle() function would be patched
+ * as follows.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * --- a/wp-includes/blocks.php
+ * +++ b/wp-includes/blocks.php
+ * @ @ -153,7 +153,8 @ @ function register_block_script_handle( $metadata, $field_name, $index = 0 ) {
+ *                 $script_handle,
+ *                 $script_uri,
+ *                 $script_dependencies,
+ * -           isset( $script_asset['version'] ) ? $script_asset['version'] : false
+ * +         isset( $script_asset['version'] ) ? $script_asset['version'] : false,
+ * +         array( 'strategy' => 'defer' )
+ *         );
+ *         if ( ! $result ) {
+ *                 return false;
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see register_block_script_handle()
+ */
+function gutenberg_defer_block_view_scripts() {
+	$block_types = WP_Block_Type_Registry::get_instance()->get_all_registered();
+	foreach ( $block_types as $block_type ) {
+		foreach ( $block_type->view_script_handles as $view_script_handle ) {
+			wp_script_add_data( $view_script_handle, 'strategy', 'defer' );
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+add_action( 'init', 'gutenberg_defer_block_view_scripts', 100 );
+
 /**
  * Deregisters the existing core block type and its assets.
  *

lib/experimental/interactivity-api/scripts.php

@@ -7,20 +7,32 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * Move interactive scripts to the footer. This is a temporary measure to make
- * it work with `wp_store` and it should be replaced with deferred scripts or
- * modules.
+ * Makes sure that interactivity scripts execute after all `wp_store` directives have been printed to the page.
+ *
+ * In WordPress 6.3+ this is achieved by printing in the head but marking the scripts with defer. This has the benefit
+ * of early discovery so the script is loaded by the browser, while at the same time not blocking rendering. In older
+ * versions of WordPress, this is achieved by loading the scripts in the footer.
+ *
+ * @link https://make.wordpress.org/core/2023/07/14/registering-scripts-with-async-and-defer-attributes-in-wordpress-6-3/
  */
 function gutenberg_interactivity_move_interactive_scripts_to_the_footer() {
-	// Move the @wordpress/interactivity package to the footer.
-	wp_script_add_data( 'wp-interactivity', 'group', 1 );
+	$supports_defer = version_compare( strtok( get_bloginfo( 'version' ), '-' ), '6.3', '>=' );
+	if ( $supports_defer ) {
+		// Defer execution of @wordpress/interactivity package but continue loading in head.
+		wp_script_add_data( 'wp-interactivity', 'strategy', 'defer' );
+		wp_script_add_data( 'wp-interactivity', 'group', 0 );
+	} else {
+		// Move the @wordpress/interactivity package to the footer.
+		wp_script_add_data( 'wp-interactivity', 'group', 1 );
+	}
 
 	// Move all the view scripts of the interactive blocks to the footer.
 	$registered_blocks = \WP_Block_Type_Registry::get_instance()->get_all_registered();
 	foreach ( array_values( $registered_blocks ) as $block ) {
 		if ( isset( $block->supports['interactivity'] ) && $block->supports['interactivity'] ) {
 			foreach ( $block->view_script_handles as $handle ) {
-				wp_script_add_data( $handle, 'group', 1 );
+				// Note that all block view scripts are already made defer by default.
+				wp_script_add_data( $handle, 'group', $supports_defer ? 0 : 1 );
 			}
 		}
 	}

packages/block-library/src/file/index.php

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ function gutenberg_block_core_file_update_interactive_view_script( $metadata ) {
 }
 
 /**
- * When the `core/file` block is rendering, check if we need to enqueue the `'wp-block-file-view` script.
+ * When the `core/file` block is rendering, check if we need to enqueue the `wp-block-file-view` script.
  *
  * @param array    $attributes The block attributes.
  * @param string   $content    The block content.

packages/block-library/src/navigation/index.php

@@ -671,19 +671,33 @@ function render_block_core_navigation( $attributes, $content, $block ) {
 		$inner_blocks_html .= '</ul>';
 	}
 
-	// If the script already exists, there is no point in removing it from viewScript.
-	$should_load_view_script = ( $is_responsive_menu || ( $has_submenus && ( $attributes['openSubmenusOnClick'] || $attributes['showSubmenuIcon'] ) ) );
-	$view_js_file            = 'wp-block-navigation-view';
-	if ( ! wp_script_is( $view_js_file ) ) {
-		$script_handles = $block->block_type->view_script_handles;
-
-		// If the script is not needed, and it is still in the `view_script_handles`, remove it.
-		if ( ! $should_load_view_script && in_array( $view_js_file, $script_handles, true ) ) {
-			$block->block_type->view_script_handles = array_diff( $script_handles, array( $view_js_file, 'wp-block-navigation-view-2' ) );
-		}
-		// If the script is needed, but it was previously removed, add it again.
-		if ( $should_load_view_script && ! in_array( $view_js_file, $script_handles, true ) ) {
-			$block->block_type->view_script_handles = array_merge( $script_handles, array( $view_js_file, 'wp-block-navigation-view-2' ) );
+	$needed_script_map = array(
+		'wp-block-navigation-view'   => ( $has_submenus && ( $attributes['openSubmenusOnClick'] || $attributes['showSubmenuIcon'] ) ),
+		'wp-block-navigation-view-2' => $is_responsive_menu,
+	);
+
+	$should_load_view_script = false;
+	if ( gutenberg_should_block_use_interactivity_api( 'core/navigation' ) ) {
+		// TODO: The script is still loaded even when it isn't needed when the Interactivity API is used.
+		$should_load_view_script = count( array_filter( $needed_script_map ) ) > 0;
+	} else {
+		foreach ( $needed_script_map as $view_script_handle => $is_view_script_needed ) {
+
+			// If the script already exists, there is no point in removing it from viewScript.
+			if ( wp_script_is( $view_script_handle ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$script_handles = $block->block_type->view_script_handles;
+
+			// If the script is not needed, and it is still in the `view_script_handles`, remove it.
+			if ( ! $is_view_script_needed && in_array( $view_script_handle, $script_handles, true ) ) {
+				$block->block_type->view_script_handles = array_diff( $script_handles, array( $view_script_handle ) );
+			}
+			// If the script is needed, but it was previously removed, add it again.
+			if ( $is_view_script_needed && ! in_array( $view_script_handle, $script_handles, true ) ) {
+				$block->block_type->view_script_handles = array_merge( $script_handles, array( $view_script_handle ) );
+			}
 		}
 	}
 

packages/block-library/src/navigation/view-modal.js

@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
+/*eslint-env browser*/
 /**
  * External dependencies
  */
 import MicroModal from 'micromodal';
 
 // Responsive navigation toggle.
-function navigationToggleModal( modal ) {
+
+/**
+ * Toggles responsive navigation.
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLDivElement} modal
+ * @param {boolean}        isHidden
+ */
+function navigationToggleModal( modal, isHidden ) {
 	const dialogContainer = modal.querySelector(
 		`.wp-block-navigation__responsive-dialog`
 	);
 
-	const isHidden = 'true' === modal.getAttribute( 'aria-hidden' );
-
 	modal.classList.toggle( 'has-modal-open', ! isHidden );
 	dialogContainer.toggleAttribute( 'aria-modal', ! isHidden );
 
@@ -23,10 +29,15 @@ function navigationToggleModal( modal ) {
 	}
 
 	// Add a class to indicate the modal is open.
-	const htmlElement = document.documentElement;
-	htmlElement.classList.toggle( 'has-modal-open' );
+	document.documentElement.classList.toggle( 'has-modal-open' );
 }
 
+/**
+ * Checks whether the provided link is an anchor on the current page.
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLAnchorElement} node
+ * @return {boolean} Is anchor.
+ */
 function isLinkToAnchorOnCurrentPage( node ) {
 	return (
 		node.hash &&
@@ -37,42 +48,80 @@ function isLinkToAnchorOnCurrentPage( node ) {
 	);
 }
 
-window.addEventListener( 'load', () => {
-	MicroModal.init( {
-		onShow: navigationToggleModal,
-		onClose: navigationToggleModal,
-		openClass: 'is-menu-open',
+/**
+ * Handles effects after opening the modal.
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLDivElement} modal
+ */
+function onShow( modal ) {
+	navigationToggleModal( modal, false );
+	modal.addEventListener( 'click', handleAnchorLinkClicksInsideModal, {
+		passive: true,
 	} );
+}
 
-	// Close modal automatically on clicking anchor links inside modal.
-	const navigationLinks = document.querySelectorAll(
-		'.wp-block-navigation-item__content'
-	);
+/**
+ * Handles effects after closing the modal.
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLDivElement} modal
+ */
+function onClose( modal ) {
+	navigationToggleModal( modal, true );
+	modal.removeEventListener( 'click', handleAnchorLinkClicksInsideModal, {
+		passive: true,
+	} );
+}
 
-	navigationLinks.forEach( function ( link ) {
-		// Ignore non-anchor links and anchor links which open on a new tab.
-		if (
-			! isLinkToAnchorOnCurrentPage( link ) ||
-			link.attributes?.target === '_blank'
-		) {
-			return;
-		}
+/**
+ * Handle clicks to anchor links in modal using event delegation by closing modal automatically
+ *
+ * @param {UIEvent} event
+ */
+function handleAnchorLinkClicksInsideModal( event ) {
+	const link = event.target.closest( '.wp-block-navigation-item__content' );
+	if ( ! ( link instanceof HTMLAnchorElement ) ) {
+		return;
+	}
 
-		// Find the specific parent modal for this link
-		// since .close() won't work without an ID if there are
-		// multiple navigation menus in a post/page.
-		const modal = link.closest(
-			'.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container'
-		);
-		const modalId = modal?.getAttribute( 'id' );
+	// Ignore non-anchor links and anchor links which open on a new tab.
+	if (
+		! isLinkToAnchorOnCurrentPage( link ) ||
+		link.attributes?.target === '_blank'
+	) {
+		return;
+	}
 
-		link.addEventListener( 'click', () => {
-			// check if modal exists and is open before trying to close it
-			// otherwise Micromodal will toggle the `has-modal-open` class
-			// on the html tag which prevents scrolling
-			if ( modalId && modal.classList.contains( 'has-modal-open' ) ) {
-				MicroModal.close( modalId );
-			}
-		} );
-	} );
-} );
+	// Find the specific parent modal for this link
+	// since .close() won't work without an ID if there are
+	// multiple navigation menus in a post/page.
+	const modal = link.closest( '.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container' );
+	const modalId = modal?.getAttribute( 'id' );
+	if ( ! modalId ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// check if modal exists and is open before trying to close it
+	// otherwise Micromodal will toggle the `has-modal-open` class
+	// on the html tag which prevents scrolling
+	if ( modalId && modal.classList.contains( 'has-modal-open' ) ) {
+		MicroModal.close( modalId );
+	}
+}
+
+// MicroModal.init() does not support event delegation for the open trigger, so here MicroModal.show() is called manually.
+document.addEventListener(
+	'click',
+	( event ) => {
+		/** @type {HTMLElement} */
+		const target = event.target;
+
+		if ( target.dataset.micromodalTrigger ) {
+			MicroModal.show( target.dataset.micromodalTrigger, {
+				onShow,
+				onClose,
+				openClass: 'is-menu-open',
+			} );
+		}
+	},
+	{ passive: true }
+);