Add datetime parsing for executing UDFs at timestamps.

This change adds the initial step for executing UDFs at timestamps.
To allow users to specify a timestamp of a registered UDF to use,
we add `@` followed by a timestamp to the name of the UDF.

For example, to execute the version of `my/udf` as it was as of
2023-06-17 at 07:16 UTC, they would execute:

    "my/udf@2023-06-17 07:16"

This is unambiguous and avoids the need to add a new parameter, which
would be difficult to name and could shadow parameters in user code.

src/tiledb/cloud/udf.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import base64
+import datetime
 import uuid
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import cloudpickle
 
@@ -172,6 +173,37 @@ def exec_async(*args, **kwargs) -> Any:
     return sender.wrap_async_base_call(exec_base, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
+_FULL_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f"
+_TIME_FORMATS = (
+    "%Y-%m-%d",
+    "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M",
+    "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+    _FULL_FORMAT,
+)
+
+
+def _parse_udf_name_timestamp(
+    full_name: str,
+) -> Tuple[str, Optional[datetime.datetime]]:
+    name, at, ts_str = full_name.partition("@")
+    if not at:
+        # This means that "@" was not found in the string,
+        # and we're just running a normal UDF.
+        return name, None
+    ts_str = ts_str.replace("T", " ")
+    for fmt in _TIME_FORMATS:
+        try:
+            naive_ts = datetime.datetime.strptime(ts_str, fmt)
+        except ValueError:
+            continue
+        return name, naive_ts.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    raise ValueError(
+        f"Could not parse {ts_str} as a timestamp. "
+        "Timestamp must be formatted as yyyy-MM-dd[ HH:mm[:ss[.SSS]]] "
+        "and is interpreted as UTC."
+    )
+
+
 def register_udf(
     func,
     name,

tests/test_generic_udf.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import datetime
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -122,3 +123,38 @@ def test():
 
         with self.assertRaises(tiledb_cloud_error.TileDBCloudError):
             udf.exec(test, timeout=1)
+
+
+class ParserTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_parse_udf_name_timestamp(self) -> None:
+        inouts = (
+            ("just-a-name", ("just-a-name", None)),
+            ("udf/name@2022-03-04", ("udf/name", _utc(2022, 3, 4))),
+            ("other/name@2022-03-04 05:06", ("other/name", _utc(2022, 3, 4, 5, 6))),
+            ("prince@1999-09-09 21:21:21", ("prince", _utc(1999, 9, 9, 21, 21, 21))),
+            (
+                "uses-t@2024-09-17T20:59:59.999999",
+                ("uses-t", _utc(2024, 9, 17, 20, 59, 59, 999999)),
+            ),
+        )
+        for inval, outs in inouts:
+            with self.subTest(inval):
+                self.assertEqual(outs, udf._parse_udf_name_timestamp(inval))
+
+    def test_parse_udf_name_timestamp_bad(self) -> None:
+        bads = (
+            "name@not a time at all",
+            "too-short@2020-01",
+            "no-space@2020-01-0203",
+            "lowercase-t@2020-01-02t03:04",
+            "hour-only@2020-01-02 03",
+            "too-precise@2020-01-02 03:04:05.67890123456",
+        )
+        for bad in bads:
+            with self.subTest(bad):
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    udf._parse_udf_name_timestamp(bad)
+
+
+def _utc(*args: int) -> datetime.datetime:
+    return datetime.datetime(*args, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)