[WIP] Add new multithreaded TwoQubitPeepholeOptimization pass

[mtreinish]

Summary

This commit adds a new transpiler pass for physical optimization,
TwoQubitPeepholeOptimization. This replaces the use of Collect2qBlocks,
ConsolidateBlocks, and UnitarySynthesis in the optimization stage for
a default pass manager setup. The pass logically works the same way
where it analyzes the dag to get a list of 2q runs, calculates the matrix
of each run, and then synthesizes the matrix and substitutes it inplace.
The distinction this pass makes though is it does this all in a single
pass and also parallelizes the matrix calculation and synthesis steps
because there is no data dependency there.

This new pass is not meant to fully replace the Collect2qBlocks,
ConsolidateBlocks, or UnitarySynthesis passes as those also run in
contexts where we don't have a physical circuit. This is meant instead
to replace their usage in the optimization stage only. Accordingly this
new pass also changes the logic on how we select the synthesis to use
and when to make a substituion. Previously this logic was primarily done
via the ConsolidateBlocks pass by only consolidating to a UnitaryGate if
the number of basis gates needed based on the weyl chamber coordinates
was less than the number of 2q gates in the block (see #11659 for
discussion on this). Since this new pass skips the explicit
consolidation stage we go ahead and try all the available synthesizers

Right now this commit has a number of limitations, the largest are:

• Only supports the target
• It doesn't support the XX decomposer because it's not in rust (the TwoQubitBasisDecomposer and TwoQubitControlledUDecomposer are used)

For plugin handling I left the logic as running the three pass series,
but I'm not sure this is the behavior we want. We could say keep the
synthesis plugins for UnitarySynthesis only and then rely on our
built-in methods for physical optimiztion only. But this also seems less
than ideal because the plugin mechanism is how we support synthesizing
to custom basis gates, and also more advanced approximate synthesis
methods. Both of those are things we need to do as part of the synthesis
here.

Additionally, this is currently missing tests and documentation and while
running it manually "works" as in it returns a circuit that looks valid,
I've not done any validation yet. This also likely will need several
rounds of performance optimization and tuning.

Details and comments

Fixes #12007
Fixes #11659

TODO:

• Rebase after Use OnceLock instead of OnceCell #13410 merges
• Add tests
• Add documentation
• Benchmarking and performance tuning
• Handle running serially when in multiprocessing context
• Release note

This PR is based on top of #13410 and will need to be rebased once that PR merges. You can view the contents of just this PR by looking at the HEAD commit: d75ebf3

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 12113716869

Details

• 57 of 398 (14.32%) changed or added relevant lines in 8 files are covered.
• 12 unchanged lines in 4 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage decreased (-0.3%) to 88.61%

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Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
crates/accelerate/src/two_qubit_decompose.rs	31	32	96.88%
crates/accelerate/src/unitary_synthesis.rs	1	2	50.0%
qiskit/transpiler/passes/optimization/two_qubit_peephole.py	0	20	0.0%
crates/accelerate/src/two_qubit_peephole.rs	4	323	1.24%

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
crates/accelerate/src/two_qubit_decompose.rs	1	92.11%
crates/accelerate/src/unitary_synthesis.rs	1	92.32%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	4	92.98%
crates/qasm2/src/parse.rs	6	97.62%

Totals
Change from base Build 12106478374:	-0.3%
Covered Lines:	79426
Relevant Lines:	89635

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💛 - Coveralls