Add qubit count and basis gate checks to fake_backend

[JustinWoodring]

Fixes #8509

• I have added the tests to cover my changes.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.

Summary

This PR adds sanity checks to the fake_backend provider to ensure that it does not run tasks using a greater than supported qubit count or unsupported basis gate for a given provider e.g. FakeLima()

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[JustinWoodring]

@AngeloDanducci tagging you so this issue doesn't slip through the cracks again 😄.

[ElePT]

Hi @JustinWoodring, thanks for catching this behavior :). I agree that fake backends should be respect the num_qubits and basis_gates specified in their description. However, I wonder if we could find a more efficient way to implement this. Iterating over all of the circuits and all of the instructions within the circuits can be costly, and hinder the performance of the fake backends. I think that we should be able to set these options directly at the simulator level, it might be worth giving it a try.

I also wanted to give you some context about the fake provider module: we are currently working on migrating the IBM-specific fake backends out of the main qiskit repo, as explained in #9553. Until the migration is finalized, we will not focus on merging new fixes to these classes. Once it is complete, we'll likely transfer all relevant issues and PRs to the new location of the module (including this one), which is now planned to be https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ibm-runtime.